God's War: A New History of the Crusades

51. In general on the Franco-English crusade, see Gillingham, Richard I, pp. 85–154; Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 57–85; the main chroniclers include the Itinerarium; Ambroise; the Englishmen Roger of Howden, Ralph of Diceto and William of Newburgh; and the Frenchman Rigord.

52. The Complete Peerage, by G. E. C. (reprint Gloucester 1987), iv, 194 note a.

53. Itinerarium, p. 99, cf. pp. 74, 76, 82, 96–8; the Latin text is in Itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta Regis Ricardi, ed. W. Stubbs, Rolls Series (London 1864), p. 93; for Londoners, Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 73–4, 183.

54. Itinerarium, p. 108.

55. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 68, 70–72, 179.

56. Delaborde et al., Recueil des actes de Philippe Auguste, i, 305–6, no. 252 (although some doubt on the authenticity of this act exists; see Baldwin, The Government of Philip Augustus, pp. 53–4 and note 86).

57. Gillingham, Richard I, p. 114.

58. Gerald of Wales, Journey, p. 184; Tyerman, England and the Crusades, p. 60.

59. Roger of Howden, Gesta Henrici Secundi, ii, 132–3; Richard of Devizes, Chronicle, p. 17.

60. For all the English financial and logistic preparations, Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 75–83.

61. Roger of Howden, Gesta Henrici Secundi, ii, 90; William of Newburgh, Historia rerum Anglicarum, ed. H. C. H. Hamilton (London 1856), ii, 121; Richard of Devizes, Chronicle, p. 9.

62. Richard of Devizes, Chronicle, p. 15; a monk of St Swithun’s, Winchester, he may have been close to royal servants in the city involved in the organization of the expedition; cf. Roger of Howden, Gesta Henrici Secundi, ii, 117.

63. Richard of Devizes, Chronicle, p. 28 for the size of the fleet.

64. Roger of Howden, Gesta Henrici Secundi, ii, 116–24 for a full account of Richard’s fleet March – August 1190.

65. Roger of Howden, Chronica, iii, 8.

66. Hunter, Pipe Roll 1 Richard I, p. 5.

67. Rigord, Oeuvres i, 99; Delaborde, et al., Recueil des actes de Philippe Auguste, i, no. 292; Codice diplomatico della repubblica de Genova, ed. C. Imperiale de Sant’Angelo (Genoa 1936–42), ii, 366–8.

68. Roger of Howden, Gesta Henrici Secundi, ii, 113, 129; Rigord, Oeuvres, i, 106.

69. Roger of Howden, Gesta Henrici Secundi, ii, 83–4; William of Newburgh, Historia Chronicles, ed. Howlett, i, 294–9.

70. William of Newburgh, Historia, Chronicles, ed. Howlett, i, 308–24 has the fullest narrative; cf. R. B. Dobson, The Jews of Medieval York and the Massacre of 1190, Borthwick Papers, no. 45 (York 1974).

71. Chazan, European Jewry, pp. 139–42, 170–71.

72. Roger of Howden, Gesta Henrici Secundi, ii, 92–3.

73. Roger of Howden, Gesta Henrici Secundi, ii, 162–3.

74. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, p. 67 and p. 395 note 56 for refs.

75. Itinerarium, p. 151; Ambroise, Crusade of Richard, p. 44; Gillingham, Richard I, p. 128 and note 13.

76. Itinerarium, p. 151 for the collapsing bridge; for Philip see Roger of Howden, Gesta Henrici Secundi, ii, 157–9.

77. Roger of Howden, Gesta Henrici Secundi, ii, 112 and pp. 112–15 and 124–6 for Richard’s cruise to Sicily; Howden was by this time in the king’s company.

78. Itinerarium, p. 167; Ambroise, Crusade of Richard, p. 64. These two closely linked accounts of Richard’s journey east seem to reflect versions of events derived from eyewitnesses. For an excellent modern narrative of events in Sicily, Gillingham, Richard I, pp. 131–44.

79. Ibn Shaddad, Saladin, pp. 145, 146; Ambroise, Crusade of Richard, pp. 191–2; Itinerarium, pp. 203–4.

80. Above, notes 62 and 63; the most vivid account of the Cyprus campaign is by Ambroise, Crusade of Richard, pp. 74–108; cf. P. Edbury, The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades 1191–1374 (Cambridge 1991), pp. 5–9.

81. ‘Epistolae Cantuarienses’, Chronicles and Memorials of the Reign of Richard I, Rolls Series (London 1864–5), ii, 347.

82. For the Cyprus deals, Edbury, Cyprus, pp. 7–9; Gillingham, Richard I, pp. 152–3, 196–7.