God's War: A New History of the Crusades

14. Waitz, Chronica Regia Colonensis, pp. 140–44; Itinerarium, pp. 73–4.

15. Historia de expeditione, Chroust, Quellen, pp. 23–4; Itinerarium, pp. 74–7, 81–3.

16. Itinerarium, p. 74; and pp. 25–6 and 34 for the uplifting stories of Templars Jakelin de Mailly and Nicholas at the battles of Cresson and Hattin in 1187 current at the siege of Acre.

17. Itinerarium, pp. 81, 83.

18. Narratio Itineris Navalis ad Terram Sanctam, Historia de expeditione, pp. 179–96; Itinerarium, p. 74.

19. Ibn Shaddad, Saladin, p. 106.

20. Ibn al-Athir in RHC Or., II-i, p. 15; Abu Shama, The Book of the Two Gardens, RHC Or., iv, 412.

21. Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 204–6.

22. Itinerarium, p. 89; cf. Imad al-Din’s shocked view of women warriors, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 206–7.

23. Ibn Shaddad, Saladin, pp. 118–20; Itinerarium, pp. 94–6; Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, p. 171.

24. Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, p. 94.

25. Ibn Shaddad, Saladin, pp. 106, 113–17, 121–2, 125 for the reception in Saladin’s camp of news of German progress.

26. Itinerarium, p. 49; loc. cit. pp. 49–68 for a German source on Frederick’s crusade and, for the most detailed contemporary account, Historia de expeditione, pp. 1–115.

27. From Henry, provost of Schäftlarn, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS Vat. Lat. 2001 fol. 1 recto.

28. Historia de expeditione, p.39; Arnold of Lübeck, Chronica Slavorum, pp. 130–31; Itinerarium, p. 60; J. W. Nesbitt, ‘The Rate of March’, pp. 178–9.

29. Arnold of Lübeck, Chronica Slavorum pp. 10–21.

30. Historia de expeditione, pp. 15–16; Waitz, Chronica Regia Colonesis, p. 140; for spurious letters of defiance between Frederick and Saladin, Itinerarium, pp. 49–54.

31. Henry of Albano, Tractatus de peregrinatione, PL, 204, col. 360.

32. Itnerarium, p. 55.

33. Historia de expeditione, pp. 24–5; Ibn Shaddad, Saladin, pp. 114–16.

34. Historia de expeditione, pp. 85, 86; Die Urkunden der Deutchen Könige und Kaiser, x, pt IV, Die Urkunden Friedrichs I, ed. H. Appelt, MGH (Hanover 1990), pp. 301, 303.

35. In general, Angold, Byzantine Empire; iden, The Fourth Crusade (London 2003); Magdalino, Empire of Manuel I Komnenos; Lilie, Byzantium and the Crusader States.

36. Ibn Shaddad, Saladin, pp. 121–2.

37. A fifth was created at Philipoppolis, Historia de expeditione, pp. 34–5.

38. O City of Byzantium, Annals of Nicetas Choniates, trans. H. J. Margoulias (Detroit 1984), pp. 220–26. (Hereafter Nicetas.)

39. Die Urkunden Friedrichs I, pp. 302–6; cf. his letter of the same period to Leopold of Austria, pp. 306–7 and his earlier correspondence with Henry, pp. 301–2.

40. Historia de expeditione, p. 71.

41. Nicetas, pp. 233–4.

42. Epistola de Morte Friderici Imperatoris, Historia de expeditione, p. 175; Iitnerarium, pp. 60–61.

43. Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, p. 89, but cf. p. 76 for an opposite memory of Saladin fortifying these strongholds.

44. Historia de expeditione, pp. 91–2; Epistola de Morte, pp. 177–8; Itinerarium, pp. 65–6; Ibn al-Athir, in Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 209–10; Ibn Shaddad, Saladin, pp. 113–17; Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, pp. 87–8.

45. Itinerarium, p. 67; Ibn Shaddad, Saladin, p. 125.

46. Itinerarium, p. 106; Ambroise, Crusade of Richard, ll. 3625–60, pp. 162–3.

47. For the marriage of Conrad and Isabella, Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, pp. 95–7, 171, 172–4; Itinerarium, pp. 100–102, 121–6; Ambroise, Crusade of Richard, pp. 177–80; Imad al-Din, Conquête de la Syrie, trans. H. Masse (Paris 1972), pp. 105–6.

48. Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, pp. 89–90; cf. H. E. Mayer, Crusades, p. 142 and note 71, p. 304.

49. Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, pp. 171–2.

50. Itinerarium, p. 143; this echoes the outrage of observers such as Henry of Albano and Peter of Blois.