God's War: A New History of the Crusades

2. E.g. Runciman, History of the Crusades, iii, passim. Cf. Mayer, Crusades, esp. pp. 247–59, 272–88.

3. Edbury, Cyprus.

4. Eracles, RHC Occ., ii, 313–15, 318, 347–8, 349.

5. E.g. John of Jaffa’s Livre des Assises (1264×66).

6. See the work on Acre by D. Jacoby, Studies on the Crusader States and on Venetian Expansion (Northampton 1989).

7. J. Riley-Smith, The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1174–1277 (London 1973), p. 48 and refs.; Mayer, Crusades, pp. 278–9.

8. D. Jacoby, ‘Montmusard, Suburb of Crusader Acre’, Outremer, ed. Kedar et al., pp. 205–17.

9. Matthew Paris, ‘Itinéraire de Londres à Jerusalem’, ed. H. Michelant and G. Raynaud, Itinéraires à Jerusalem (Geneva 1882), p. 137.

10. Eracles, p. 428 mentions the Frankish army at the battle of Gaza included 600 knights, more or less exactly the figure estimated as the kingdom’s levy in the 1180s. For trade, E. Ashtor, Levant Trade in the Later Middle Ages (Princeton 1983).

11. Riley-Smith, Feudal Nobility, pp. 175–84, 208–9; Edbury, John of Ibelin pp. 67–8.

12. Willibrand of Olbenburg’s description of the Ibelin palace in Beirut, which he visited in 1212, Peregrinatores medii aevi quatuor, ed. J. C. M. Laurent (Leipzig 1864), pp. 166 et seq.

13. Marino Sanudo Torsello, Secreta Fidelium Crucis, ed. J. Bongars (Hanau 1611), ii, 1–33 (Book I).

14. Mayer, Crusades, pp. 278–9.

15. D. Jacoby, ‘L’Expansion occidentale dans le Levant: les Vénitiens à Acre dans la seconde moitié du treizième siècle’, Journal of Medieval History, 3 (1977), 225–64.

16. Trans. Kennedy, Crusader Castles, pp. 190–98, at p. 194.

17. Les Gestes des Chiprois, RHC Arm. ii (Paris 1906), bk III, trans. P. Crawford, The Templar of Tyre: Part III of the ‘Deeds of the Cypriots’ (Aldershot 2003), chap. 382.

18. John of Joinville, The Life of St Louis, trans. M. R. B. Shaw, Chronicles of the Crusades (London 1963), p. 252.

19. See Crawford, Templar of Tyre, pp. 4–5.

20. Holt, Age of Crusades, p. 93.

21. Above p. 509.

22. E.g. above, note 9.

23. Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, iv, 488–9.

24. Gregory X, Registres, ed. J. Guiraud and E. Cadier (Paris 1892–1906), nos. 160–61; cf. no. 220; this advice is discussed by P. Throop, Criticism of the Crusade (Amsterdam 1940).

25. M. Barber, ‘The Crusade of the Shepherds in 1251’, Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History, ed. J. F. Sweet (Lawrence 1984); G. Dickson, ‘The Advent of the Pastores (1251), Revue Belge de Philologie et d’Histoire, 66 (1988), 249–67.

26. For the treaties, see T. Van Cleve, ‘The Crusade of Frederick II’, History of the Crusades, ed. Setton, ii, 455–6; P. Jackson, ‘The Crusades of 1239–41 and Their Aftermath’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 50 (1987), 32–60.

27. Eracles, pp. 427–31; cf. pp. 562–6 for the Rothelin Continuation version.

28. Holt, Age of Crusades, esp. pp. 86–8, 91–2, 102; Irwin, Middle East, pp. 37–102; C. Cahen, ‘The Mongols and the Near East’, History of the Crusades, ii, 715–32.

29. For references to the arrivals of foreign troops, Eracles, pp. 441–78; C. J. Marshall, ‘The French Regiment in the Latin East 1254–91’, Journal of Medieval History, 15 (1989); on Geoffrey of Sergines, J. Riley-Smith, What Were the Crusades?, (3rd edn London 2003), pp. 77–80; for Olivier of Termes, Langlois, Olivier de Termes, pp. 128–34, 137–42, 211–32.

30. J. R. Strayer, ‘The Crusade of Louis IX’, History of the Crusades, ed. Setton, ii, 508.

31. Gregory X, Registres, nos. 802–3; Eracles, p. 462.

32. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, p. 125 and note 59, p. 405.

33. In general, Runciman, History of the Crusades, iii, 76–104, 171–233, 293–348, 387–423; Mayer, Crusades, esp. pp. 239–59, 272–88; Riley-Smith, Feudal Nobility, passim; Edbury, John of Ibelin, pp. 1–103; idem, Cyprus, pp. 23–100; Holt, Age of the Crusades, pp. 60–66, 82–104.

34. Eracles, p. 305.