God's War: A New History of the Crusades

6. Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, iv, 397–8; v, 3–4; for William, see P. Biller, The Measure of Multitude (Oxford 2000), chap. 3, and esp. p. 85.

7. Potthast, Regesta, no. 11,492; Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, iv, 410–12; cf. p. 391 for a meeting between Louis, Innocent IV and another future crusader, the duke of Burgundy, at Cîteaux on Holy Cross Day, 14 September 1244.

8. Potthast, Regesta, no. 11,491; T. Rymer, Foedera, (3rd edn London 1745), 1-i, 148–9 (crusade bull to Henry III, 23 Jan. 1245); F. M. Delorme, ‘Bulle d’Innocent IV pour la croisade’, Archivum Franciscanum Historicum, 6 (1913), 386–9; cf. Maier, Preaching, p. 62 et seq.

9. Analecta Novissima Spicilegii Solesmensis, ed. J. P. Pitra (Paris 1885–8), ii, 331–2 (Odo of Châteauroux’s Sermon XII); in general for his crusade sermons, nos. XI, XII, XIV, XV, pp. 328–33.

10. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, esp. pp. 111–13 and refs.

11. Maier, Preaching, p. 70 and, generally, pp. 62–70.

12. Innocent IV, Registres, ed. E. Berger (Paris 1884–1921), no. 2,935.

13. Maier, Preaching, pp. 67, 140–42; Eudes Rigaud, Regestum visitati, ed. E. Bonnin (Rouen 1853), p. 733; Tyerman, Invention of the Crusades, pp. 44–5.

14. Maier, Preaching, pp. 101–2.

15. For recruitment, Jordan, Louis IX, pp. 14–34, 65–104; Richard, St Louis, pp. 99–112; Strayer, ‘Crusades’, pp. 487–93.

16. Jordan, Louis IX, p. 66.

17. Innocent IV, Registres, no. 2,644.

18. Etablissements et coutumes, assises et arrest de l’échiquier de Normandie au treizième siècle, ed. M. A. J. Marnier (Paris 1839), p. 201; Layettes du Trésor des Chartes, ed. A. Teulet et al. (Paris 1863–1909), ii, no. 3,560.

19. John of Joinville, Life of Louis, p. 192.

20. See especially Jordan, Louis IX, pp. 35–64; R. Bartlett, ‘Louis IX, Towns and Enquêteurs Réformateurs’, Journal of Medieval History, 5 (1979).

21. Jordan, Louis IX, p. 49.

22. RHGF, xxi, 404. For finances, Jordan, Louis IX, pp. 65–104.

23. For figures and calculations, Jordan, Louis IX, pp. 94–9.

24. RHGF, xxi, 540; Innocent IV, Registres, no. 3,708.

25. Eudes de Rigaud, Regestum visitati, p. 733.

26. Innocent IV, Registres, no. 3,708.

27. Maier, Preaching, p. 67.

28. See the case of Hugh of Rodez, Maier, Preaching, pp. 143–5.

29. RHGF, xxi, 532–40; Jordan, Louis IX, pp. 79–82; Strayer, ‘Crusades’, pp. 490–91.

30. John of Joinville, Life of Louis, p. 198.

31. Jordan, Louis IX, pp. 100–102, and table p. 102.

32. RHGF, xxi, 513–15, trans. J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, pp. 149–52 for the 1250–53 expenses; cf. Jordan, Louis IX, pp. 78–104; Strayer, ‘Crusades’, pp. 492, 504.

33. A. Jal, Pacta Naulorum, Documents historiques inédits, ed. M. Champollion-Figéac (Paris 1841–3), i, 605–9; ii, 51–7; L. T. Belgrano, ‘Une charte de nolis de S. Louis’, Archives de l’Orient Latin, 2 (1884), 231–6.

34. Jal, Pacta Naulorum, ii, 66–7; RHGF, xxi, 283, cf. pp. 223–4, 260–84.

35. John of Joinville, Life of Louis, pp. 320–1; Jal, Pacta Naulorum, p. 63; Strayer, ‘Crusades’, p. 492; Jordan, Louis IX, p. 103.

36. Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, v, 93; WP, pp. 112–3.

37. John of Joinville, Life of Louis, p. 197; Jordan, Louis IX, p. 76 note 82 for discussion and refs. re. salt pork.

38. John of Joinville, Life of Louis, p. 191–2, 194–7.

39. John of Joinville, Life of Louis, p. 195.

40. Richard, St Louis, pp. 99–112 summarizes Louis’s plans, preparations and departure; for the relics of the Passion, see Angold, Fourth Crusade, pp. 237–40.

41. John of Joinville, Life of Louis, p. 197. For modern narratives and discussion in English of the Egyptian campaign, Strayer, ‘Crusades’, pp. 493–504; Richard, St Louis, pp. 113–52; Holt, Age of Crusades, pp. 82–4; Irwin, Middle East, pp. 19–27. The most vivid chronicle account is John of Joinville, Life of Louis, pp. 195–264; the Rothelin continuation of William of Tyre included an important letter from Jean Sarasin and other details, Eracles, pp. 566–71, 589–623; Shirley, Crusader Syria, pp. 66–9, 85–108.

42. John of Colonna, RHGF, xxiii, 19 for the vessels.

43. For a recent discussion, P. Jackson, The Mongols and the West (London 2005), esp. chaps. 3–7.