God's War: A New History of the Crusades

8. Chronique parisienne anonyme de 1316 à 1339, ed. A. Hellot, Mémoires de la société de l’histoire de Paris, xi (1885), 29–30; 102–3; X. du Boisrouvray, ‘L’Eglise collégiale et la confrérie du St Sepulchre à Paris 1325–1791’, Positions des thèses de l’école nationale des chartes (Paris 1953), pp. 33–5; for full refs., C. J. Tyerman, The French and the Crusades 1313–1336 (unpublished Oxford DPhil thesis 1981), pp. 138–41.

9. S. Schein, Fideles Crucis; The Papacy, the West and the Recovery of the Holy Land 1274–1314 (Oxford 1991), chap. 7, pp. 219–38; Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 240–42; Housley, Later Crusades, pp. 27–8.

10. Hellot, Chronique parisienne anonyme, p. 46 and generally pp. 46–8.

11. John XXII, Lettres secrètes et curiales relatives à la France, ed. A. Coulon et al. (Paris 1900–), no. 1,116.

12. In general, M. Barber, ‘The Pastoureaux of 1320’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 32 (1981), 143–66; Tyerman, ‘Philip V of France’, 15–34; Tyerman French and Crusades, pp. 99–101.

13. N. Housley, ‘Crusading as Social Revolt: The Hungarian Peasant Uprising of 1514’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 49 (1998), 1–28; J. M. Bak, ‘Hungary and Crusading in the Fifteenth Century’, Crusading in the Fifteenth Century, ed. Housley, esp. pp. 117, 126–7.

14. The suggestion is that of Dr L. S. Ettre, to whom I am grateful for sharing it.

15. A. S. Atiya, The Crusade in the Later Middle Ages (London 1938), pp. 420, 441, 443, 445, 450, 458, 465–6, 522, 527; History of the Crusades, ed. Setton, iii, 85–7, 306–9, 652–3.

16. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 268, 271, 274, 292; St John’s Gate MSS, L. H. Butler Papers, Notes, Calendars and Transcriptions from the Archives of Malta, A. O. M. 356, fols. 232 verso, 237 and 242.

17. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 314–15, 355 and refs.

18. Scrope and Grosvenor Controversy, ed. N. H. Nicolas (London 1832), collated by C. G. Young (Chester 1879), i, 124–5; in general, Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 274, 281, 289, 292, 429 note 91, 431 note 132; cf. M. H. Keen, ‘Chaucer’s Knight, the English Aristocracy and the Crusade’, English Court Culture in the Later Middle Ages, ed. V. J. Scattergood and J. W. Sherborne (London 1983), 45–61.

19. Housley, Later Crusades, p. 282.

20. Sir Thomas Malory, La Morte D’Arthur, ed. S. H. A. Shepherd (New York 2004), p. 697; cf. pp. 149 and 689 for Arthur’s own crusading ambitions.

21. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, esp. pp. 304–6.

22. Chronique de quartre premiers Valois, ed. S. Luce (Paris 1852), p. 128.

23. Tyerman, England and Crusades, p. 305; cf. for Burgundian book collection, Paviot, Ducs de Bourgogne, pp. 201–38.

24. See now R. Tzanaki, Mandeville’s Medieval Audiences (Aldershot 2003); for crusading Prologue, e.g., M. C. Seymour (ed.), Mandeville’s Travels (Oxford 1967), pp. 1–4.

25. A. Goodman, The Loyal Conspiracy (London 1971), pp. 81–2, cf. p. 78 for more crusade memorabilia. For the Heraclius heraldry, see MS n. 98 in the Royal Academy exhibition 2003–4, ‘Illuminating the Renaissance: The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe’, by the ‘Master of Edward IV’ (RA Catalogue by S. McKendrick et al., London 2003); for Heraclius as a king of France in the fourteenth century, Bibliothèque nationale de France, ms Fr. 2813, Grandes Chroniques de France, fol. 70 verso.

26. A. Gransden, Historical Writing in England c. 550 to the Early Sixteenth Century (London 1974–82), ii, 231–2.

27. Housley, Later Crusades, p. 393; Keen, Chivalry, p. 216.

28. Paviot, ‘Burgundy and Crusade’, p. 73; the 1378 scene was illustrated in the contemporary Grandes chroniques de France, Bibliothèque nationale de France, ms Fr. 2813, fol. 473 verso.

29. Linder, Raising Arms.

30. Linder, Raising Arms, p. 102; cf. pp. 363–4.

31. Linder, Raising Arms, p. 359.

32. Discussed Tyerman, Invention of the Crusades, pp. 72–4.