God's War: A New History of the Crusades

72. M.-T. Caron, Les Vœux du faison, noblesse en fête, esprit de croisade (Turnhout 2003), esp. pp. 120–25; pp. 133–67 for vows (p. 153 for Lannoy’s); Paviot, Ducs de Bourgogne, pp. 129–35; pp. 308–13 for Oliver de la Marche’s account; cf. la Marche, Mémoires, ed. J. A. C. Buchon (Paris 1836), p. 494–6.

73. Paviot, Ducs de Bourgogne, p. 238: ‘la croisade chez Philippe le Bon etait un rève chevaleresque’.

74. Paviot, Ducs de Bourgogne, p. 132.

75. O. Halecki, The Crusade of Varna (New York 1943); Housley, Later Crusades, pp. 85–9.

76. Runciman, Fall of Constantinople, for an elegant and elegiac account.

77. Quoted, Bisaha, ‘Pius II and Crusade’, p. 40.

78. Bisaha, ‘Pius II and Crusade’; J. Helmrath, ‘The German Reichstage and the Crusade’, Crusading in the Fifteenth Century, ed. Housley, pp. 53–69.

79. W. R. Lunt, Financial Relations of the Papacy with England, (Cambridge, Mass. 1939–62), ii, passim for indulgence and taxation returns; Housley, Later Crusades, pp. 99–103.

80. Voyage d’Oultremer, p. 339.

81. J. Hofer, Giovanni da Capestrano (L’Aquila 1955); N. Housley, ‘Giovanni da Capistrano and the Crusade of 1456’, Crusading in the Fifteenth Century, ed. idem, pp. 94–115; Housley, Later Crusades, pp. 103–4, 408–10. For the impact, note the Middle English romance Capystranus.

82. Setton, Papacy and the Levant, ii, 235.

83. J. M. Bak, ‘Hungary and Crusading in the Fifteenth Century’, Crusading in the Fifteenth Century, ed. Housley, p. 117.

84. Housley, ‘Capistrano’, p. 108, for a somewhat different slant.

85. Housley, Later Crusades, pp. 104–5 for a summary; cf. ‘Capistrano’, p. 111

86. Quoted Housley, Later Crusades, p. 108; in general, now, Bisaha, ‘Pius II and Crusade’.

87. Above, note 86.

88. Wilkins, Concilia, iii, 587–94; see French version at the Burgundian court, Caron, Vœux du faison, 167–85.

89. Bisaha, ‘Pius II and Crusade’, pp. 50–51.

90. M. Mallett, The Borgias (London 1969), p. 92.

91. Runciman, History of the Crusades, p. 467.

92. Piccolomini to Calixtus III in 1458, quoted Bak, ‘Hungary and Crusading’, p. 119; cf. N. Housley on the antemurale image, Religious Warfare in Europe 1400–1536 (Oxford 2002).

93. Tyerman, England and the Crusade, pp. 315–16.

94. Jean d’Auton, Chronique de Louis XII, ed. R. de Maulde la Clavière (Paris 1889–95), i, 396–7; Tyerman, Invention of the Crusades, pp. 95, 152 note 292.

95. D’Auton, Chronique, ii, 166–7.

96. N. Tanner, The Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils (London and Washington, DC 1990), pp. 595, 607, 609–14, 651, 653–4, 796–7.

97. Setton, Papacy and the Levant, iii, 486.

26: The Crusade and Christian Society in the Later Middle Ages

1. E. Riant, Pèlerinages des Scandinaves en Terre Sainte (Paris 1865), p. 398; apparently the Greenlanders paid the crusade tax in walrus tusks.

2. The Works of Francis Bacon, ed. J. Spedding et al., vii (London 1859), pp. 1–36.

3. Mézières, Epistre, pp. 467, 473.

4. Archives administratives de la ville de Rheims, ed. P. Varin ii (Paris 1843), 273–4, 665.

5. Thomas Walsingham, Historia Anglicana, ed. H. T. Riley, Rolls Series (London 1863–4), ii, 95; Paviot, Ducs de Bourgogne, pp. 171–2.

6. Giles de Muisis, Chronicon majus, ed. J. J. Smet, Recueil des Chroniques de Flandres, ii (Brussels 1841), 216.

7. Innocent IV, Registres, no. 2,644; N. Housley, ‘Politics and Heretics in Italy: Anti-Heretical Crusades, Orders and Confraternities 1200–1500’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 33 (1982), 193–208; Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 261, 285.