God's War: A New History of the Crusades

41. Setton, Papacy and the Levant, p. 245; Housley, Later Crusades, p. 40.

42. Above, note 35.

43. Quoted Housley, Later Crusades, p. 64.

44. Housley, Later Crusades, pp. 90–91 provides a convenient potted account.

45. Schéfer, Voyage d’Outremer, esp. pp. 181–99, when he met Murad II; for Boucicaut, Le livre des Faicts de bon Messire Jean le Maingre dit Boucicaut, ed. M. Petitot, Collection des mémoires relatives à l’histoire de France, vi and vii (Paris 1819).

46. Meserve, ‘Italian Humanists’, pp. 26–7, 35.

47. N. Oikonomides, ‘Byzantium between East and West’, Byzantium and the West, ed. J. Howard-Johnston, Byzantinische Forschung, xiii (Amsterdam 1988), 326–7 and note 17. The situation in Greek cities was far more resistant.

48. In general, D. Geanakoplos, ‘Byzantium and the Crusades’, History of the Crusades, ed. Setton, iii, 27–103; J. Gill, Byzantium and the Papacy 1198–1400 (New Brunswick 1979); Nicol, Last Centuries of Byzantium.

49. R. Manselli, ‘Il cardinale Bessarione contro il periculo turco e l’Italia’, Miscellanea franciscana, 73 (1973), 314–26.

50. S. Runciman, The Fall of Constantinople (Cambridge 1965).

51. Adam of Usk, Chronicon, ed. and trans. E. M. Thompson (London 1904), pp. 57, 220.

52. J. Cabaret d’Oronville, La Chronique de bon duc Loys de Bourbon, ed. A. M. Chazaud (Paris 1876), pp. 218–57; Froissart, Chronicles, ii, 434–49, 465–77, 481–4; generally Setton, Papacy and the Levant, i, 329–41.

53. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 278–80.

54. Cabaret d’Oronville, Chronique, p. 257; some French nobles also died on the way home.

55. J. J. N. Palmer, England, France and Christendom (London 1972), esp. pp. 180–210; Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 294–301; cf. Philippe de Mézières, Letter to Richard II: A Plea Made in 1395 for Peace between England and France, trans. G. W. Coopland (Liverpool 1975).

56. E.g. in the main official French chronicle source, Chronique du religieux de Saint-Denys, contenant le règne de Charles VI, ed. L. Bellaguet (Paris 1839), ii, esp. 428–9; in general A. S. Atyia, The Crusade of Nicopolis (London 1934); Setton, Papacy and the Levant, i, 341–69; Housley, Later Crusades, pp. 73–81.

57. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 300–301 and refs.

58. M. Keen, Chivalry (New Haven 1984), esp. pp. 179–99, esp. p. 195 (Order of the Ship); for Order of the Knot and the crusade, Bibliothèque Nationale (Paris), MS Fr. 4274, fol. 6, reproduced E. Hallam (ed.), Chronicles of the Crusades (London 1989), p. 2.

59. A point made by J. Paviot, ‘Burgundy and the Crusade’, Crusading in the Fifteenth Century, ed. Housley, pp. 71 and 204 note 11.

60. Runciman, History of the Crusades, iii, 462.

61. Setton, Papacy and the Levant, i, 352.

62. Religieux de Saint-Denys, ii, 498.

63. Froissart, Chronicles, ii, chap. xci and p. 654.

64. Mézières, Epistre, pp. 444–523.

65. J. Paviot, Les Ducs de Bourgogne, la croisade et l’Orient (Paris 2003); cf. R. Vaughan, Philip the Good (London 1970), pp. 268–74, 334–72.

66. E.g. Olivier de la Marche, Mémoires, ed. H. Beaune and J. d’Arbaumont (Paris 1883–8), i, 83–4.

67. Paviot, Ducs de Bourgogne, pp. 201–38, esp. p. 238 for Duke Philip’s lack of books on the Turks.

68. For a summary, J. Paviot, ‘Burgundy and the Crusade’, pp. 71–3, 75–7, 79–80; Discours de voyage d’Oultremer, ed. C. Schefer, Revue de l’Orient Latin, 3 (1895), 303–42.

69. Torcello’s Avis and Brocquière’s assessment Schefer, Voyage d’Oultremer, pp. 263–74; cf. Oeuvres de Ghillebert de Lannoy, ed. C. Potvin (Louvain 1878).

70. R. J. Walsh, ‘Charles the Bold and the Crusade’, Journal of Medieval History, 3 (1977), 53–87.

71. Housley, Later Crusades, p. 108; Walsh, ‘Charles the Bold’, p. 56.