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Borowsky, Peter. “Germany’s Ukrainian Policy during World War I and the Revolution of 1918–1919.” In German–Ukrainian Relations in Historical Perspective, edited by Hans-Joachim Torke and John-Paul Himka, 84–109. Edmonton/Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 1994.

Cernin, Ottaker. In the World War. London: Cassell, 1919.

Dmytryshyn, Basil. “The German Overthrow of the Central Rada, April 1918: New Evidence from the German Archives.” Nationalities Papers 23, no. 4 (1995): 751–65.

Eudin, Xenia J. “The German Occupation of the Ukraine in 1918: A Documentary Account.” Russian Review 1 (1941–1942): 90–112.

Fedyshyn, Oleh S. Germany’s Drive to the East and the Ukrainian Revolution, 1917–1918. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1971.

Freund, Gerald. Unholy Alliance; Russo-German Relations from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to the Treaty of Berlin. San Diego, Calif.: Harcourt, Brace, 1957.

Ganz, A. Harding. “The German Expedition to Finland, 1918.” Military Affairs 44, no. 2 (1980): 84–89.

Gehrman, Udo. “Germany and the Cossack Community in the Russian Revolution, April–November 1918.” Revolutionary Russia 5, no. 2 (1992); 147–71.

Goltz, Graf Rüdiger von der. Meine Sendung in Finnland und im Baltikum. Leipzig: Koehler, 1920.

Herwig, Holger H. “German Policy in the Eastern Baltic Sea in 1918: Expansion or Anti-Bolshevik Crusade?” Slavic Review 32, no. 2 (1973): 339–57.

Hiden, John W. The Baltic States and Weimar Ostpolitik. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Hoffman, Max von. War Diaries and Other Papers. London: Martin Secker, 1929.

Horak, Stephan M. The First Treaty of the First World War: Ukraine’s Treaty with the Central Powers of February 9, 1918. Boulder, Colo.: East European Monographs, 1988.

Jarausch, Konrad H. “Co-operation or Intervention? Kurt Reizler and the Failure of German Ostpolitik, 1918.” Slavic Review 31, no. 2 (1972): 381–98.

Liulevicious, Vejas Gabriel. War Lands on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity and German Occupation in World War I. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Mędrzecki, Włodzimierz. “Germany and Ukraine between the Start of the Brest-Litovsk Talks and Hetman Skoropads’kyi’s Coup.” Harvard Ukrainian Studies 23, nos 1–2 (1999): 47–71.

Pelenski, Jaroslaw. “Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky and Germany (1917–1918) as Reflected in His Memoirs.” In German–Ukrainian Relations in Historical Perspective, edited by Hans-Joachim Torke and Jean-Paul Himka, 69–83. Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, 1994.

Sullivan, Charles L. “German Freecorps in the Baltic, 1918–1919.” Journal of Baltic Studies 7, no. 2 (1976): 124–133.

———. “The German Role in the Baltic Campaign, Spring 1919.” Baltic Review 36 (1969): 40–62.

———. “The 1919 German Campaign in the Baltic: The Final Phase.” In The Baltic States in Peace and War, 1917–1945, edited by V. Stanley Vardys and Romuald J. Misiunas, 31–42. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978.

Wheeler-Bennet, Sir John W. The Forgotten Peace: Brest-Litovsk, March 1918. London: Macmillan, 1938.

Zeman, Z. A. B., ed. Germany and the Revolution in Russia, 1915–1918: Documents from the Archive of the German Foreign Ministry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1958.

The Allies

Agar, Captain Augustus. Baltic Episode: A Classic of Secret Service in Russian Waters. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1963.

Anderson, Edgar. “British Policy Towards the Baltic States, 1918–1920.” Journal of Central European Affairs 19, no. 3 (1959): 276–89.

———. “An Undeclared War: The British–Soviet Naval Struggle in the Baltic, 1918–1920.” Journal of Central European Affairs 22, no. 1 (1962): 43–78.

Arslanian, Artin H. “Dunsterville’s Adventures: A Reappraisal.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 12 (1980): 199–216.