Читаем Hitler. 1936-1945: Nemesis полностью

Bormann, Martin 32, 144, 202, 227, 231, 236, 245, 259, 315, 350, 372, 375, 378, 396, 405, 406, 421, 424, 425, 428–9, 506, 508, 522, 568, 569, 616, 698, 707, 709–12, 738, 741, 776, 789, 798, 800, 801, 816, 819, 825, 827, 829, 832; and the assassination attempt 706; begs Speer to persuade H to leave the bunker 806; in the Committee of Three 568, 570; forces Göring to resign 807–8; H relies on concerning domestic matters 571; and H’s cremation 829, 830; names Fromm 689; Party Minister 823, 830; political and organizational matters 714; position strengthens 715–16; the Prussian Finance Ministry 575; remains wholly loyal 774; restructures the Party 790; and the Schirach incident 590; ‘Secretary of the Führer’ 572, 715; sets up quasi-guerrilla organizations 790–91; signs the Political Testament 823; suicide 833–4

Borneo 326

Bornewasser, Bishop Franz Rudolf 427

Bosch, Hieronymus 85

Bottrop 761

Bouhler, Philipp 253, 258, 259, 260, 429, 571

Brabant 518

Brack, Viktor 258–61

Brahms, Johannes 513

Brandenburg asylum 261

Brandt, Frau 651

Brandt, Lieutenant-Colonel Heinz 661, 662, 674

Brandt, Karl (H’s doctor) 137, 235, 253, 256, 259, 260, 294, 429, 727

Brandt, SS-Sturmbannführer Rudolf 484

Bratislava 169, 791

Brauchitsch, Walther von 58, 72, 75, 76, 78, 94, 97, 101–4, 146–7, 178, 209, 215, 216, 217, 225, 246, 247–8, 266, 268, 269–70, 277, 278, 290, 296, 298, 303, 306, 335, 344, 345, 346, 355, 384, 396, 407, 411–14, 417, 418, 434, 441, 450–53,454, 536

Braun, Eva 199, 512, 564, 634, 639, 797, 807, 816; cremation 829–31; in the Führer Bunker 776, 798, 801, 804, 821, 827; H’s treatment of 34; marries H 820–21; her room in the ‘Führer Apartment’ 32, 34; suicide 828; suicide attempts 35

Braun, Gretl 199

Braun, Wernher von 622

Braunau am Inn 79

Bräutigam, Otto 478

Bredow, Major-General Ferdinand von xxxvi

Breitenbuch, Rittmeister Eberhard von 670

Bremen 535

Brenner border 76

Brenner Pass 291, 327, 382

Breslau 762, 779, 823; Festival of German Singers (1937) 37–8; Jews deported from 485; under siege 759

Brest 504, 719, 720

Brest-Litowsk 395, 398

Britain 752; accepts the need for war 174; the Blitz 309, 310; Churchill evokes resilience and idealism 286; and Czechoslovakia 95–6, 97, 118, 173; declares war on Germany 223; economic blockade of 284; economy 402–3; ‘encirclement policy’ 178; the ‘eternal trouble-causer in Europe’ 783; Foreign Office 25, 203; Goebbels favours the devastation of English ‘cultural centres’ 510; Göring wants an agreement 50, 67, 771–2; Guarantee to Poland 155, 175, 178, 179, 190, 212, 216, 218, 237, 586; H obsessed with ‘beating England’ 278; H prepares for conflict with 169, 192–3; H warns against underestimating 43; hatred for 275, 300; Heé’s flight to Scotland 369; Home Guard 370; H’s high esteem of British resilience and fighting-power 264; H’s ‘Offer’ regarding Poland (August 1939) 213, 216, 217; H’s ‘peace offer’ 300, 301, 306, 379; H’s ‘peace plan’ 3–4; H’s plans for dealing with 292–3; intelligence 585, 586; intervention in Greece 366; invasion seen as a last choice 301–2; and Iraq 381; Jewish influence 489; Jewish refugees 145, 146; military alliance with Poland 215; mutual assistance agreement with Russia (1941) 457; Naval Pact with the Reich (1935) xxxviii, 23, 189, 190; oil supplies 530, 537; the race for Norway 287–8; rearmament 25, 157; Ribbentrop’s hatred of 44, 90, 159, 160; Secret Service 271, 274, 373, 377, 380; and the Soviet-German non-aggression pact 206, 212, 213; ultimatum to Germany 223, 230; War Office 295; weakness of xxxvi, 43, 44, 48

British Broadcasting Company (later Corporation) (BBC) 373, 600, 816

British Empire 25, 48, 49, 95, 168, 190, 213, 216, 293–4, 295, 298, 302, 304, 377, 401, 405, 456, 504

British Expeditionary Force 295, 297, 367

British Guarantee to Poland 155

British Union of Fascists 302 ‘Britons, The’ (antisemitic organization) 320

Brittany 718, 720

Brjansk and Viaz’ma double battle 433 broadcasting: the Berlin Olympics 8; the ‘people’s radio’ (Volksempfänger) xl

Bromberg (Bydgoszcz), West Prussia 242, 763

Brooks, Collin 211

Bruckmann, Frau Elsa 33

Bruckmann, Hugo 33

Bruckner, Anton 513

Brückner, SA-Gruppenführer Wilhelm 31, 186, 218, 235

Brûly-de-Pesche 297

Brussels 722

Buchanan Castle, near Loch Lomond 371

Bucharest 328, 723

Buchenwald concentration camp 141, 768

Bückeberg, Hanover 38

Budapest 627, 734, 735, 736, 757; Citadel 734–5, 736, 738; Jews 624, 736; Soviet troops enter 758

Bug river 238, 244, 630

Bühler, Josef 493

Bukovina 332, 351, 384

Bulgaria 361, 603, 617, 719, 723–4, 734

Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM; German Girls’ League) 81–2, 142

Bürckel, Gauleiter Josef 81, 315, 323

Burckhardt, Carl 201, 202, 203, 250

Burgdorf, General Wilhelm 733, 788, 797, 798, 803, 823, 825, 827, 830

Burgsinn, Lower Franconia 142–3

Burgundy 267

Burma 326

Busch, Field-Marshal Ernst 103, 464, 646, 647, 649, 667, 670

business community, Groraumwirtschaft concept xliv

Bussche, Captain Axel Freiherr von dem 669

Busse, General Theodor 788, 793, 802, 809, 813, 814

C

Cádiz 16

Cadogan, Sir Alexander 203, 211, 379–80

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Hitler. 1936-1945: Nemesis
Hitler. 1936-1945: Nemesis

The climax and conclusion of one of the best-selling biographies of our time.The New Yorker declared the first volume of Ian Kershaw's two-volume masterpiece "as close to definitive as anything we are likely to see," and that promise is fulfilled in this stunning second volume. As Nemesis opens, Adolf Hitler has achieved absolute power within Germany and triumphed in his first challenge to the European powers. Idolized by large segments of the population and firmly supported by the Nazi regime, Hitler is poised to subjugate Europe. Nine years later, his vaunted war machine destroyed, Allied forces sweeping across Germany, Hitler will end his life with a pistol shot to his head.* * *Following the enormous success of HITLER: HUBRIS this book triumphantly completes one of the great modern biographies. No figure in twentieth century history more clearly demands a close biographical understanding than Adolf Hitler; and no period is more important than the Second World War. Beginning with Hitler's startling European successes in the aftermath of the Rhinelland occupation and ending nine years later with the suicide in the Berlin bunker, Kershaw allows us as never before to understand the motivation and the impact of this bizarre misfit. He addresses the crucial questions about the unique nature of Nazi radicalism, about the Holocaust and about the poisoned European world that allowed Hitler to operate so effectively.Amazon.com ReviewGeorge VI thought him a "damnable villain," and Neville Chamberlain found him not quite a gentleman; but, to the rest of the world, Adolf Hitler has come to personify modern evil to such an extent that his biographers always have faced an unenviable task. The two more renowned biographies of Hitler—by Joachim C. Fest (Hitler) and by Alan Bullock (Hitler: A Study in Tyranny)—painted a picture of individual tyranny which, in the words of A. J. P. Taylor, left Hitler guilty and every other German innocent. Decades of scholarship on German society under the Nazis have made that verdict look dubious; so, the modern biographer of Hitler must account both for his terrible mindset and his charismatic appeal. In the second and final volume of his mammoth biography of Hitler—which covers the climax of Nazi power, the reclamation of German-speaking Europe, and the horrific unfolding of the final solution in Poland and Russia—Ian Kershaw manages to achieve both of these tasks. Continuing where Hitler: Hubris 1889–1936 left off, the epic Hitler: Nemesis 1937–1945 takes the reader from the adulation and hysteria of Hitler's electoral victory in 1936 to the obsessive and remote "bunker" mentality that enveloped the Führer as Operation Barbarossa (the attack on Russia in 1942) proved the beginning of the end. Chilling, yet objective. A definitive work.—Miles TaylorFrom BooklistAt the conclusion of Kershaw's Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris (1999), the Rhineland had been remilitarized, domestic opposition crushed, and Jews virtually outlawed. What the genuinely popular leader of Germany would do with his unchallenged power, the world knows and recoils from. The historian's duty, superbly discharged by Kershaw, is to analyze how and why Hitler was able to ignite a world war, commit the most heinous crime in history, and throw his country into the abyss of total destruction. He didn't do it alone. Although Hitler's twin goals of expelling Jews and acquiring "living space" for other Germans were hardly secret, "achieving" them did not proceed according to a blueprint, as near as Kershaw can ascertain. However long Hitler had cherished launching an all-out war against the Jews and against Soviet Russia, as he did in 1941, it was only conceivable as reality following a tortuous series of events of increasing radicality, in both foreign and domestic politics. At each point, whether haranguing a mass audience or a small meeting of military officers, the demagogue had to and did persuade his listeners that his course of action was the only one possible. Acquiescence to aggression and genocide was further abetted by the narcotic effect of the "Hitler myth," the propagandized image of the infallible leader as national savior, which produced a force for radicalization parallel to Hitler's personal murderous fanaticism; the motto of the time called it "working towards the Fuhrer." Underlings in competition with each other would do what they thought Hitler wanted, as occurred with aspects of organizing the Final Solution. Kershaw's narrative connecting this analysis gives outstanding evidence that he commands and understands the source material, producing this magisterial scholarship that will endure for decades.—Gilbert Taylor

Ian Kershaw

Биографии и Мемуары

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