Читаем Hitler. 1936-1945: Nemesis полностью

Belgian Congo 434

Belgium 267, 291, 295, 405, 518, 722, 731, 741, 745; neutrality 194, 277, 295

Belgrade 365

Bell, Bishop George 663

Belorussia 406–7

Below, Frau 33, 651

Below, Captain Nicolaus von 30, 32, 33, 70, 77, 118, 137–8, 149, 165, 235, 294, 295, 310, 345, 452, 535, 543, 548, 553, 554, 581, 616, 621, 637, 674–5, 718, 738, 739, 747, 784–5, 792, 807, 813, 815, 817, 823, 825

Belzec extermination camp 483, 484, 493, 494, 520, 603

Benes, President Eduard 108, 109, 111, 115, 117, 170

Berchtesgaden, Bavarian Alps 12, 13, 18, 34, 72, 74, 81, 110, 111, 114, 135, 197, 199, 200, 201, 207, 211, 213, 565, 569, 623, 642, 781, 799, 801, 803, 805, 810

Berdicev 394

Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, near Celle 768

Berger, SS-Obergruppenführer Gottlob 520

Berger, Hans 141

Berger, Dr Heinrich 674

Berghof, Obersalzberg 29, 33, 34, 70, 72, 73, 100, 103, 105, 109, 110, 111, 151, 166, 188, 195, 198, 199, 202, 204, 205, 206, 210, 212, 214, 225, 301, 302, 307, 335, 346, 369, 372, 373, 375, 376, 381, 397, 512, 514, 542, 565, 581, 582, 590, 593, 611, 623, 624, 628, 630–34, 637, 639, 643, 644, 650, 651, 670, 738, 766, 781, 805, 808, 809

Berlin 305, 379, 397, 420, 804, 822; the Bendlerblock 681, 683, 689; bombing raids on 309, 366, 620, 761, 769, 775; cenotaph 37; the Citadel (Festung) 813, 815, 825, 826, 827; the first week of the war 239–40; H returns after his triumph in Czechoslovakia 172; H’s welcome after the French armistice 300; H’s welcome after Munich 124; International Car Exhibition 37; Luna Park 8; Lustgarten 5, 37, 519; military court 59; Olympic Games (1936) 5–9, 379; open to attack (1945) 759–60, 770; the rebuilding of 35, 36, 38–9, 709; Red Army attacks 793, 794, 799, 800, 801, 808–9, 812, 813, 827; refugees 763, 806; Remer put in charge of security 680; ‘Soviet Paradise’ exhibition (May 1942) 519; Sportpalast 116, 117, 118, 309, 348, 431, 432, 459, 494, 505, 517, 526, 535, 536, 538, 561, 562, 601, 619; State Opera house 632; State Theatre 240; synagogues destroyed 140; Technical University 38; Tempelhof aerodrome 45, 809; treatment of Jews 133–4, 135, 351, 472–3, 481, 482, 485, 488, 519, 583; Weidling made responsible for Berlin’s defence 808; ‘Winter Aid’ campaign 38, 535, 601; the Zeughaus 662; zoo 801

Berlin Congress (1878) 123, 183

Berlin Defence District (Wehrkreis III) 690

Berlin Philharmonia 632

Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra 513

Berlin-Charlottenburg, Tiergartenstraße 4 260

Bernadotte, Count Folke 817, 818, 819

Bernburg asylum 261

Bernhardt, Johannes 14, 15

Bessarabia 332, 351, 384

Best, Werner 603

Bialystok 380, 398, 399, 407

Bielefeld 472

Binding, Professor Karl 254

Birkenau 768

Birmingham 174

birth-rates 48

Bismarck (battleship) 178, 381

Bismarck, Prince Otto von xlii, 183, 188, 283, 505, 665

Bitterfeld 514

Black Forest 764

‘Black Order’ 252

Black Sea region 413, 434, 529, 630

‘Blackshirts’ see British Union of Fascists

Blaschke, Dr Johann 831

Blaskowitz, Colonel-General Johannes 247, 248

Bleichröder (bank) 132

Blomberg, Fräulein Margarethe (née Gruhn) 52–3

Blomberg, Werner von 10, 11, 16, 19, 21, 43, 46, 47, 49, 50; the Blomberg scandal 51–60, 64, 69, 83, 86, 94, 147, 167, 224, 358, 668

Blondi (H’s dog) 564, 602, 611, 776, 777, 825

‘Blood and Soil’ (Blut und Boden) 374

‘Blood Law’ 256

Blücher (cruiser) 288

Blücher, Gebbard Leberecht von, Prince of Wahlstadt 713

Blum, Léon 17

Blumentritt, General Guenther 456

Blutrache (blood-vengeance) 691

Bobruisk 647

Bochum 587

Bock, Field-Mashal Fedor von 78, 269, 270, 334, 345, 359, 394, 408, 415, 419, 435, 438, 450–51, 454, 515, 524, 526–7, 529, 658, 659

Bodenschatz, General Karl Heinrich 376, 396

Boehm, Admiral-General 207

Boeselager, Lieutenant-Colonel Georg Freiherr von 661

Bohemia 46, 164, 165, 166, 172, 479; Kings of 171

Bohle, Gauleiter Ernst Wilhelm 15, 376

Boldt, Gerhard 825

Bolshevism 18, 20, 38, 82, 159, 160, 205, 310, 378, 416, 433, 479, 525, 609, 615, 703, 818, 819, 832, 835, 840, 841; anti-Bolshevism tactic 25; and ‘Barbarossa’ 387, 388, 389; and the Catholic bishops xxxix; and Czechoslovakia’s strategic position 97; fear of xlv; Heé’s mission 379; H’s crusade against 335, 384, 406, 505, 555–6, 636–7; and H’s foreign policy 12; and H’s ‘world-view’ 21; and Italy 25; and Jews 17, 19, 39, 42, 127, 153, 325, 339, 343, 350, 353, 354, 359, 382, 399, 431, 461, 463, 465, 466, 620, 740, 749, 752, 781, 792; and a showdown with the Soviet Union 305; and the Spanish Civil War 14–15; Stalin and 285, 292

Bonhoeffer, Dietrich 663, 667

Bonn 760

Bonnet, Georges 206

Bor-Komorowski, General Tadeusz 724–5

Border Police School, Pretzsch 382

Börgermoor internment camp, Emsland 55

Boris, King of Bulgaria 366, 581

Bormann, Albert 32

Bormann, Gerda 789

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Все книги серии Hitler

Hitler. 1936-1945: Nemesis
Hitler. 1936-1945: Nemesis

The climax and conclusion of one of the best-selling biographies of our time.The New Yorker declared the first volume of Ian Kershaw's two-volume masterpiece "as close to definitive as anything we are likely to see," and that promise is fulfilled in this stunning second volume. As Nemesis opens, Adolf Hitler has achieved absolute power within Germany and triumphed in his first challenge to the European powers. Idolized by large segments of the population and firmly supported by the Nazi regime, Hitler is poised to subjugate Europe. Nine years later, his vaunted war machine destroyed, Allied forces sweeping across Germany, Hitler will end his life with a pistol shot to his head.* * *Following the enormous success of HITLER: HUBRIS this book triumphantly completes one of the great modern biographies. No figure in twentieth century history more clearly demands a close biographical understanding than Adolf Hitler; and no period is more important than the Second World War. Beginning with Hitler's startling European successes in the aftermath of the Rhinelland occupation and ending nine years later with the suicide in the Berlin bunker, Kershaw allows us as never before to understand the motivation and the impact of this bizarre misfit. He addresses the crucial questions about the unique nature of Nazi radicalism, about the Holocaust and about the poisoned European world that allowed Hitler to operate so effectively.Amazon.com ReviewGeorge VI thought him a "damnable villain," and Neville Chamberlain found him not quite a gentleman; but, to the rest of the world, Adolf Hitler has come to personify modern evil to such an extent that his biographers always have faced an unenviable task. The two more renowned biographies of Hitler—by Joachim C. Fest (Hitler) and by Alan Bullock (Hitler: A Study in Tyranny)—painted a picture of individual tyranny which, in the words of A. J. P. Taylor, left Hitler guilty and every other German innocent. Decades of scholarship on German society under the Nazis have made that verdict look dubious; so, the modern biographer of Hitler must account both for his terrible mindset and his charismatic appeal. In the second and final volume of his mammoth biography of Hitler—which covers the climax of Nazi power, the reclamation of German-speaking Europe, and the horrific unfolding of the final solution in Poland and Russia—Ian Kershaw manages to achieve both of these tasks. Continuing where Hitler: Hubris 1889–1936 left off, the epic Hitler: Nemesis 1937–1945 takes the reader from the adulation and hysteria of Hitler's electoral victory in 1936 to the obsessive and remote "bunker" mentality that enveloped the Führer as Operation Barbarossa (the attack on Russia in 1942) proved the beginning of the end. Chilling, yet objective. A definitive work.—Miles TaylorFrom BooklistAt the conclusion of Kershaw's Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris (1999), the Rhineland had been remilitarized, domestic opposition crushed, and Jews virtually outlawed. What the genuinely popular leader of Germany would do with his unchallenged power, the world knows and recoils from. The historian's duty, superbly discharged by Kershaw, is to analyze how and why Hitler was able to ignite a world war, commit the most heinous crime in history, and throw his country into the abyss of total destruction. He didn't do it alone. Although Hitler's twin goals of expelling Jews and acquiring "living space" for other Germans were hardly secret, "achieving" them did not proceed according to a blueprint, as near as Kershaw can ascertain. However long Hitler had cherished launching an all-out war against the Jews and against Soviet Russia, as he did in 1941, it was only conceivable as reality following a tortuous series of events of increasing radicality, in both foreign and domestic politics. At each point, whether haranguing a mass audience or a small meeting of military officers, the demagogue had to and did persuade his listeners that his course of action was the only one possible. Acquiescence to aggression and genocide was further abetted by the narcotic effect of the "Hitler myth," the propagandized image of the infallible leader as national savior, which produced a force for radicalization parallel to Hitler's personal murderous fanaticism; the motto of the time called it "working towards the Fuhrer." Underlings in competition with each other would do what they thought Hitler wanted, as occurred with aspects of organizing the Final Solution. Kershaw's narrative connecting this analysis gives outstanding evidence that he commands and understands the source material, producing this magisterial scholarship that will endure for decades.—Gilbert Taylor

Ian Kershaw

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