Как избежать климатических катастроф? План Б 4.0: спасение цивилизации

107 Pelamis Wave Power, “Aguçadouira” – см.: www.pelamiswave.com, просмотрено 23 апреля 2009 г.; Mario de Queiroz, “Portugal: Waves of Energy Come Ashore”, Inter Press Service , 24 September 2008; “Wave Hub Names Fourth Developer for Wave Energy Farm”, Renewable Energy Access , 15 May 2007; European Commission, Report on the Workshop on Hydropower and Ocean Energy – Part I: Ocean Energy (Brussels: 13 June 2007), pp. 1, 3; IEA, op. cit. note 7; “Aquamarine to Develop 1 GW of Ocean Energy”, Renewable Energy World , 24 February 2009; данные о потенциале волн взяты из публикации: World Energy Council, 2007 Survey of Energy Resources (London: 2007), p. 544; “World Electricity Installed Capacity by Type (Million Kilowatts), January 1, 2006 – в публикации: DOE, op. cit. note 3.

108 REN21, Renewables Global Status Report: 2009 Update (Paris and Washington, DC: REN21 Secretariat and Worldwatch Institute, 2009), p. 23; Lila Buckley, “Hydropower in China: Participation and Energy Diversity Are Key”, China Watch (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute and Global Environmental Institute, 24 April 2007); “Rural Areas Get Increased Hydro Power Capacity”, op. cit, note 101; Pallavi Aiyar, “China: Another Dammed Gorge”, Asia Times , 3 June 2006; Gary Duffy, “Brazil Gives Amazon Dams Go-Ahead”, BBC News , 10 July 2007; Patrick McCully, Before the Deluge: Coping with Floods in a Changing Climate (Berklley, CA: International Rivers Network, 2007), pp. 22–23.

109 DOE, EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2 009 (Washington, DC: March 2009), p. 74; National Hydropower Association, “NHA Applauds President Obama and Congress for Turning to Hydro in the Stimulus”, press release (Washington, DC: 19 February 2009).

110 Таблица 5–1 разработана Earth Policy Institute, цели, которые должны быть достигнуты к 2020 г. и которые упоминаются на протяжении этой главы, и показатели на 2008 г. рассчитаны на основании данных, приведенных в следующих источниках: данные о ветре из: GWEC, op. cit. note 10, p. 10; данные о монтируемых на крышах системах производства электричества за счет солнечных лучей и электростанциях, работающих на том же источнике энергии, взяты из публикаций EPIA, op. cit. note 10, p. 3 и Rutschmann, op. cit. note 64; данные о производстве электричества из биомассы и с помощью тепла и гидроэнергии, в том числе энергии приливов и волн, взяты из: REN21, op. cit. note 108, p. 23; данные о монтируемых на крышах работающих на солнечной энергии нагревателях воды и обогревателях помещений взяты из работы: Weiss, Bergmann, and Stelzer, op. cit. note 53, p. 21; данные о геотермальной энергии и ее использовании взяты из: Tester et al., op. cit. note 68, p. 9.

111 “Wind Can Power Up Entire Nation”, China Daily , 18 June 2009; Rujun Shen and Tom Miles, “China’s Wind-power Boom to Outpace Nuclear by 2020”, China Daily , 20 April 2009.

112 Table 5–2 by Earth Policy Institute with existing fossil fuel and nuclear capacity from “Existing Capacity by Energy Source, 2007,” and “Planned Nameplate Capacity Additions from New Generators, by Energy Source, 2008 through 2012,” in DOE, op. cit. note 51, p. 25, and from Shuster, op. cit. note 31; renewables based on data and growth rates from AWEA, EPIA, GEA, DOE, Navigant Consulting, NREL, USDA, and Electric Power Research Institute.

113 “Texas to Spend Billions on Wind Power Transmission Lines”, Environment News Service , 18 July 2008; Eileen O’Grady, “Texas Finalizes Plan to Expand Wind Lines”, Reuters , 29 January 2009; снабжение жителей электричеством рассчитано так, как это описано в примечании 2.

114 TransCanada, op. cit. note 2.

115 Scott DiSavino, “ITC Proposes Рroject to Move Wind Power to Chicago”, Reuters , 9 February 2009; ITC Holdings Corp., op. cit. note 2; DOE, “Locke, Chu Announce Significant Steps in Smart Grid Development”, press release (Washington, DC: 18 May 2009).

116 Cristina L. Archer and Mark Z. Jacobsоn, “Supplying Baseload Power and Reducing Transmission Requirements by Interconnecting Wind Farms”, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology , vol. 46 (November 2007), pp. 1701–1717.

117 Janice Massy, “Grand Vision on Paper: Blueprint for a European Supergrid”, Windopower Monthly , December 2008, p. 37; Alok Jha, “Solar Power from Saharan Sun Could Provide Europe’s Electricity, Says EU’, Guardian (London), 23 July 2008; David Strahan, “From AC to DC: Going Green with Supergrids”, New Scietist , 14–20 March 2009; Paul Rodgers, “Wind-fuelled ‘Supergrid’ Offers Clean Power to Europe”, Independent (London), 25 November 2007.