Наш мозг и просветление. Нейробиология самопознания и совершенства

⁶ Текст английского оригинала приводится по Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist (1949), ed. Paul A.Schilpp. Репринт: A Stubbornly Persistent Illusion: The Essential Scientific Works of Albert Einstein, ed. Stephen Hawking (Philadelphia: Running Press, 2009).

⁷ Parrott A.C. Human psychobiology of MDMA or «Ecstasy»: an overview of 25 years of empirical research. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2013; 28(4): 289–307.

⁸ Smith D.E., Raswyck G.E., Davidson L.D. From Hofmann to the Haight Ashbury, and into the future: the past and potential of lysergic acid diethlyamide. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2014; 46(1): 3–10; Krebs T.S., Johansen P.Ø. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for alcoholism: metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. J Psychopharmacol 2012; 26(7): 994–1002; см. также: Barbosa P.C., Mizumoto S., Bogenschutz M.P., Strassman R.J. Health status of ayahuasca users. Drug Test Anal. 2012; 4(7–8): 601–9.

⁹ Griffiths R.R., Richards W.A., McCann U., Jesse R. Psilocybin can occasion mystical type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006; 187 (3): 268–283.

¹⁰ Griffiths R., Richards W., Johnson M., McCann U., Jesse R. Mystical type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later. J Psychopharmacol. 2008; 22(6): 621–632.

¹¹ Cummins C., Lyke J. Peak experiences of psilocybin users and non-users. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2013; 45(2): 189–194.

¹² van Amsterdam J., Opperhuizen A., van den Brink W. Harm potential of magic mushroom use: a review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011; 59(3): 423–429; см. также: Hermle L., Kovar K.A., Hewer W., Ruchsow M. Hallucinogen-induced psychological disorders. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2008; 76(6): 334–342.

Глава 5. Спектр осознания

¹ Zhao Q., Zhou Z., Xu H., Chen S., Xu F., Fan W., Han L. Dynamic neural network of insight: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study on solving Chinese «chengyu» riddles. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3): e59351.

² Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, «Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population,» December 19, 2011.

³ Qiu J., Li H., Jou J., Liu J., Luo Y., Feng T., Wu Z., Zhang Q. Neural correlates of the «Aha» experiences: evidence from an fMRI study of insight problem solving. Cortex. 2010; 46(3): 397–403.

⁴ Newberg A., Alavi A., Baime M., Pourdehnad M., Santanna J., d’Aquili E. The measurement of regional cerebral blood flow during the complex cognitive task of meditation: a preliminary SPECT study. Psychiatry Res. 2001; 106(2): 113–122.

⁵ Антонио Дамасио в книге Self Comes to Mind (New York: Pantheon, 2010) говорит об этом качестве – обладании чувством собственного «я». Сперва мы пробуждаемся, и изначальное осознание порождает сознательное принятие решений – или то, что Дамасио называет «ум». Таким образом, осознание плюс ум плюс «я» равно сознанию. Эта модель в значительной мере строится на нейробиологических исследованиях Яка Панксеппа.

⁶ Wallis L.J., Range F., Müller C.A., Serisier S., Huber L., Zsó V. Lifespan development of attentiveness in domestic dogs: drawing parallels with humans. Front Psychol. 2014; 5: 71.

⁷ Shettleworth S.J. Do animals have insight, and what is insight anyway? Can J Exp Psychol. 2012; 66(4): 217–226.

⁸ Drayton L.A., Santos L.R. A decade of theory of mind research on Cayo Santiago: Insights into rhesus macaque social cognition. Am J Primatol. 2014; doi: 10.1002/ ajp.22362.

⁹ Nomura T., Murakami Y., Gotoh H., Ono K. Reconstruction of ancestral brains: Exploring the evolutionary process of encephalization in amniotes. Neurosci Res. 2014. pii: S0168-0102(14)00041-8.doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.03.004. Frasnelli E. Brain and behavioral lateralization in invertebrates. Front Psychol. 2013; 4: 939. Aru J, Bachmann T, Singer W., Melloni L. Distilling the neural correlates of consciousness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012; 36(2): 737–746.

¹⁰ Wei D., Yang J., Li W., Wang K., Zhang Q., Qiu J. Increased resting functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex in creativity by means of cognitive stimulation. Cortex. 2014; 51: 92–102.

¹¹ Silberstein R.B., Nield G.E. Measuring emotion in advertising research: prefrontal brain activity. IEEE Pulse. 2012 May – Jun; 3(3): 24–27; см. также: Ding X., Tang Y.Y., Tang R., Posner M.I. Improving creativity performance by short-term meditation. Behav Brain Funct. 2014; 10: 9.

¹² Ding X., Tang Y.Y., Cao C., Deng Y., Wang Y., Xin X., Posner M.I. Short-term meditation modulates brain activity of insight evoked with solution cue. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014; 10(1): 43–9.