Nature's Evil

frontier 11 , 16 , 60 , 134 , 169 , 224 , 228 , 290

Fugger, Jakob 108 , 135 –44, 207 , 257 , 283

fur

extraction 47 –61

geography 46 –8, 54 , 56 –61

institutions 48 , 53 , 56 –60, 177 , 293

natural history 14 , 46 –7

politics of 48 –61, 101

processing 47 –53

furnaces 19 , 127 –30, 132 , 134 –5, 137 , 139 –40, 143 , 147 –8, 155 , 157 , 159 , 239 –40

Fursenko, Alexander 255

fustian 115 , 135

Gaddy, Clifford 277

Gaia 287 –9, 294 , 298 , 301

Gaidar, Yegor 267 , 282

Galicia 16 , 254 –5

Gandhi, Mahatma 42 , 66

gender 82 , 117 , 263 –4, 267 –8, 283 , 301

see also petromacho ; women

generations 12 , 36 , 68 , 120 , 132 , 151 , 174 , 182 , 202 , 218 , 225 , 255 , 260 , 274 , 292 , 300

Georgians 257 , 258

Germany (German lands) 15 , 40 , 47 , 53 , 61 , 135 , 141 , 145 , 148 , 151 –4, 169 , 226 –8, 233 , 250 , 259 –62, 265 , 268 , 270 , 274 , 285

ghost acres 28 , 35 , 69 , 118 , 195 , 242

Gilgamesh 23 –4, 153 , 216 , 287

Gladstone, Helen 80

Gladstone, John 72

Gladstone, William 80

Glasgow 200 –3

Global North 6 , 43

Godwin, William 219 –20

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 154 , 210

gold 4 –5, 270

Arendt on 180

Freud on 274

institutions 144 –6, 179 –82, 197 –8, 282 , 295

politics of 1 –2, 145 , 180 –2, 295

seeking gold 15 , 20 , 34 , 128 , 136 , 147 –50

Goody, Jack 129

Gore, Al 297

grain

granaries 18 , 22 –4, 31 , 128 , 169 , 227

natural history 23 –4

prices 18 , 32 , 36 –7, 83 , 102 , 109 , 194 , 203 , 220 , 226 , 239 , 243 , 277 , 280 –1

productivity 25 , 177 , 226 , 280

serfdom and 18 , 35 , 96

trade 18 , 25 –6, 28 , 33 , 37 , 83 , 104 , 169 , 214 , 227 –8, 233 –4

Great Acceleration 296 , 298

Great Britain 15 , 37 , 81 –2, 105 –6, 181 , 220 , 245 , 247 –50, 260 , 270 –1, 292

Great Depression 226 , 263 , 270 , 299

Great Northern War 150

Great Silk Road 56 , 86 , 89

Green New Deal 279 , 299 , 301

green recovery 274 , 292 , 299

Greppi, Antonio 207

Griboyedov, Alexander 192 –3

guano 176 –7, 222

guilds 92 , 139 , 144 , 217 , 246

see also Mesta

Guizot, François 75 –6

gulag (Soviet labour camp) 181

Gulbenkian, Calouste 257 , 259

gunpowder 7 , 17 , 45 , 56 , 149 , 169 , 218

Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden 146

Haber, Fritz 74 , 177 , 226

Habermas, Jürgen 74

Habsburgs 107 , 136 –7, 145 , 153 , 199

Hamilton, Alexander 118 , 123 , 218

Hanseatic League (Hansa) 25 , 44 , 47 –8, 111 , 140 –1, 208

Harley, Robert 184

Hastings, Warren 77

Hayek, Friedrich 271

Heathcote, Gilbert 198

Heckscher, Eli 41

Hegel, G. W. F. 75

hemp 1 , 5 , 9

geography 92 , 97 –9

institutions 57 , 86 , 94 , 101 –3

narcotic qualities 96 –8

natural history 92 –3, 97

politics of 104 –6, 121

processing 95

trade 24 –5, 32 , 51 , 57 , 72 , 86 , 101 –6, 149 , 153 , 199 , 218 , 267 , 293

Herodotus 96 , 165 , 166 , 293 , 296

herring 44 , 48 , 141 , 170 , 207

Herzen, Alexander 105

Hitler, Adolf 42 , 227 –8, 259

Hittites 130 , 132

Hjärne, Urban 147

Hobbes, Thomas 112 –13, 152 , 202 , 210 , 288

Leviathan 112

Hobsbawm, Eric 82

Holbein, Hans (the Younger) 138

Hollar, Wenzel 112

Holwell, John 42

Holy Roman Empire 108 , 136 , 141 , 152 , 161

Hong Kong 79 , 81

Hong Xiuquan 80

Hoover, Herbert 136

Hoover, Lou 136

Hubbert, Marion King 273

Hudson, Henry 51 , 191

Huguenots 75 , 158 , 216

human capital 180 , 229 , 267 , 276

Humboldt, Alexander 154 , 176 –7, 220

Hume, David 74 , 172 , 186

hunger 48 , 78 , 80 –1, 134 , 171 , 219 , 226 , 279

see also famines

Hurons 52 , 101

Hutten, Ulrich von 142

hydraulic works 235 , 242 , 278

hydroelectric plants 275

Ickes, Barry 277

Ignatieff, Nikolay 80

imitation 42 , 71 , 83 , 148 –9, 170 –3

and import substitution 75 –6, 83 , 94 , 124 , 170 , 173 , 193 , 198

and progress 174

Incas 34 , 176

India 4 , 17 , 42 , 51 , 66 , 74 , 77 –81, 84 , 94 , 98 , 105 , 111 , 114 –15, 118 , 137 , 165 , 170 , 225 , 290

indirect rule 51 , 123

Industrial Revolution 118 –21, 160 , 207 , 213

and coal 203 , 243 –5

and patents 116 , 120 , 240

and proto-industry 212

and slavery 85

and watermills 240 –2

industrialisation 124 , 133 , 207 , 258 –9, 261 , 293

inequality 5 , 294 , 300 –1

criticisms of 33 , 42 , 84 , 178

and geography 77 , 121 251

and metals 127 , 129 , 195

and oil 251 , 267 –9, 276 , 278 , 281 –5

and political evil 5 , 42 , 68 , 79

inflation 4 , 83 , 145 , 182 , 238 , 248 , 263 , 265 , 272 , 274

infrastructure 23 , 161 , 283 , 294

see also transportation

Innis, Harold 4 , 53 –4, 177

insects 88 –9, 92 , 114 , 167 , 291 , 300

institutions 5 , 9 , 70 , 86 , 179 , 232 , 246

and resources 5 , 9 , 274 –6, 285

insurance 45 , 200

Ireland 34 , 37 , 95 , 100 , 102 , 113 , 199 , 212 , 220 –2, 237

iron 127 , 130 –4, 152 , 218

bog iron (limonite) 130 –3, 155 –6

Iron Age 130 –2

iron goods 18 , 25 , 27 , 47 , 51 , 101 , 104 , 133 , 201

see also metallurgic processes

Iroquois 51 –3

Istanbul (Tsargrad, Constantinople) 49 , 217

Italy 17 , 25 , 44 , 90 –2, 117 –18, 129 , 143 , 160 , 193 , 234 , 286

Ivan III, grand prince of Moscow 141

Ivan the Terrible, tsar of Russia 97 –103, 162

Ivanovo (central Russia) 122

Jamaica 45 , 68 –9, 72 –3, 84 , 221

James I, king of England and Ireland (James VI of Scotland) 102 –3, 111

Japan 56 , 71 , 81 , 88 , 90 , 92 , 260