Почему у зебр не бывает инфаркта. Психология стресса

480 Исследование Адлер: Adler, N., Epel, E., Castellazzo, G., and Ickovics, J., “Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: preliminary data in healthy white women,” Health Psychology 19 (2000): 586; Adler, N., and Ostrove, J., “SES and health: what we know and what we don’t,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 896 (1999): 3; Goodman, E., Adler, N., Daniels, S., Morrison, J., Slap, G., and Dolan, L., “Impact of objective and subjective social status on obesity in a biracial cohort of adolescents,” Obesity Research 11 (2003): 1018; Singh-Manoux, A., Adler, N., Marmot, M.G., “Subjective social status: its determinants and its association with measures of ill-health in the Whitehall II study,” Social Science and Medicine 56 (2003): 1321; Goodman, E., Adler, N.E., Kawachi, I., Frazier, A.L., Huang, B., and Colditz, G.A., “Adolescents’ perceptions of social status: development and evaluation of a new indicator,” Pediatrics 108 (2001): E31; Ostrove, J.M., Adler, N.E., Kuppermann, M., and Washington, A., “Objective and subjective assessments of socioeconomic status and their relationship to self-rated health in an ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women,” Health Psychology 19 (2000): 613.

481 Фотографии женщин-моделей: Kenrick, D., Montello, D., Gutierres, S., and Trost, M., “Effects of physical attractiveness on affect and perceptual judgments: when social comparison overrides social reinforcement,” Perspectives in Social Psychology Bulletin 19 (1993): 195.

482 Строительные блоки субъективного СЭС: Singh-Manoux, op. cit.

483 Wilkinson, op. cit Показатели детской смертности: Lynch, J., Smith, G.D., Hillemeier, M., Shaw, M., Raghunathan, T., and Kaplan, G., “Income inequality, the psychosocial environment, and health: comparisons of wealthy nations,” Lancet 358 (2001): 194; Hales, S., “National infant mortality rates in relation to gross national product and distribution of income,” Lancet 354 (1999): 2047; Howden- Chapman, P., and Odea, D., “Income, income inequality and health in New Zealand,” in Eckersley, R., Dixon, J., and Douglas, B., eds., The Social Origins of Health and Well-Being (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2001): 129. В США: Ross, N.A., Wolfson, M.C., Dunn, J.R., Berthelot, J.M., Kaplan, G.A., and Lynch, J.W., “Relation between income inequality and mortality in Canada and in the United States: cross sectional assessment using census data and vital statistics,” British Medical Journal 320 (2000): 898; Lynch et al., “Income inequality and mortality,” op. cit.

484 Наиболее эгалитарные штаты находятся в Новой Англии и в зоне прерий (Дакота, Айова и Юта); наименее эгалитарными считаются самые южные штаты, а также штат Невада.

485Связь между неравенством доходов и здоровьем не является универсальной: Lynch et al., “Income inequality and morality,” op. cit.; Osler, M., Prescott, E., Gronbaek, M., Christensen, U., Due, P., and Engholm, G., “Income inequality, individual income, and mortality in Danish adults: analysis of pooled data from two cohort studies,” British Medical Journal 324 (2002): 13. Очень подробный обзор материалов на эту тему см. в Lynch, J., Smith, G., Harper, S., Hillemeier, M., Ross, N., Kaplan, G., and Wolfson, M., “Is income inequality a determinant of population health?: A systematic review,” The Milbank Quarterly (2004), in press. Распределение богатства в США: Bezruchka, op. cit.

486На асимптотический артефакт впервые было указано в Rodgers, G.B., “Income and inequality as determinants of mortality: an international crosssection analysis,” Population Studies 33 (1979): 343. Этот потенциальный артефакт вносит свой вклад в феномен, но не объясняет его целиком: Wolfson, M., Kaplan, G., Lynch, J., Ross, N., and Backlund, E., “Relation between income inequality and mortality: empirical demonstration,” British Medical Journal 319 (1999): 953.

487 Доля общественного богатства, которое должно быть перераспределено для полного выравнивания доходов, называется индексом Робин Гуда. Индекс Робин Гуда: Atkinson, A., and Micklewright, J., Transformation in Eastern Europe and the Distribution of Income (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992).