Секс в Средневековье

Взгляды канонистов о том, сколько партнеров должно быть у женщины, чтобы ее посчитали проституткой, позаимствованы из работы James A. Brundage, Law, Sex, and Christian Society in Medieval Europe (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987). Касательно парижских взглядов XII века на проституцию (и другие вопросы). см. John W. Baldwin, Masters, Princes, and Merchants: The Social Views of Peter the Chanter and His Circle, 2 vols. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970). О Марии Магдалине см. Katherine Ludwig Jansen, The Making of the Magdalen: Preaching and Popular Devotion in the Later Middle Ages (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), и Ruth Mazo Karras, “Holy Harlots: Prostitute Saints in Medieval Legend,” Journal of the History of Sexuality 1 (1990), 3–32. О св. Николае см. Charles W. Jones, St. Nicholas of Myra, Bari, and Manhattan: Biography of a Legend (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978).

О проститутках и евреях в Испании см. David Nirenberg, “Religious and Sexual Boundaries in the Medieval Crown of Aragon,” in Christians, Muslims, and Jews in Medieval and Early Modern Spain: Interaction and Cultural Change, eds. Mark D. Meyerson and Edward D. English (Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, 1999), 141–60, и “Conversion, Sex, and Segregation: Jews and Christians in Medieval Spain,” American Historical Review 107 (2002), 1065–93; и Mark D. Meyerson, “Prostitution of Muslim Women in the Kingdom of Valencia: Religious and Sexual Discrimination in a Medieval Plural Society,” in The Medieval Mediterranean: Cross-Cultural Contacts, eds. Marilyn J. Chiat and Kathryn L. Reyerson (St. Cloud, MN: North Star Press, 1988), 87–95. О браке с богатой вдовой см. Poos, “Sex, Lies, and the Church Courts.” Статья, в которой свидетельницы в судебных разбирательствах об импотенции определяются как проститутки: P.J.P. Goldberg, “Women in Fifteenth-Century Town Life,” in Towns and Townspeople in the Fifteenth Century, ed. John A. F. Thompson (Gloucester: Alan Sutton, 1988), 107–28.

О женщинах, которые не выходили замуж, см. Judith M. Bennett and Amy M. Froide, Singlewomen in the European Past 1250–1800 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999). Judith M. Bennett, “ ‘Lesbian-Like’ and the Social History of Medieval Lesbianisms,” Journal of the History of Sexuality 9 (2000), 1–24, и E. Ann Matter, “My Sister, My Spouse: Woman-Identified Women in Medieval Christianity,” Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 2 (1986), 81–93, а также Karma Lochrie, “Between Women,” in The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Women’s Writing, ed. Carolyn Dinshaw and David Wallace (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 70–88, и Jacqueline Murray, “Twice Marginal and Twice Invisible: Lesbians in the Middle Ages,” in Handbook of Medieval Sexuality, eds. Vern L. Bullough and James A. Brundage (New York: Garland, 1996), 191–222 – все это основные работы по женским однополым отношениям в Средние века; см. также статьи в Same Sex Love and Desire among Women in the Middle Ages, eds. Francesca Canadé Sautman and Pamela Sheingorn (New York: Palgrave, 2001), и The Lesbian Premodern, eds. Noreen Giffney, Michelle M. Sauer and Diane Watt (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011). Пример Элизабет Этчингам и Агнессы Оксенбриг позаимствован из Judith M. Bennett, “Remembering Elizabeth Etchingham and Agnes Oxenbridge,” in Giffney, Sauer, and Watt, The Lesbian Premodern, 132–43. О Гульельмо да Саличето см. Helen Rodnite Lemay, “Human Sexuality in Twelfththrough Fifteenth-Century Scientific Writings,” in Sexual Practices and the Medieval Brill, 1960), 24–40. Информация о рабстве в Восточной Европе позаимствована из работы Eve Levin, Sex and Society in the World of the Orthodox Slavs, 900–1700 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989).