Шум. Несовершенство человеческих суждений

209 Применяют при измерении когнитивной рефлексии и другие вопросы…: Keela S. Thomson and Daniel M. Oppenheimer, “Investigating an Alternate Form of the Cognitive Reflection Test”, Judgment and Decision Making 11, no. 1 (2016): 99–113.

210 Низкий итоговый балл определяет…: Gordon Pennycook et al., “Everyday Consequences of Analytic Thinking”, Current Directions in Psychological Science 24, no. 6 (2015): 425–432.

211 купитесь ли вы на фейковую новость…: Gordon Pennycook and David G. Rand, “Lazy, Not Biased: Susceptibility to Partisan Fake News Is Better Explained by Lack of Reasoning than by Motivated Reasoning”, Cognition 188 (June 2018): 39–50.

212 о степени вашей зависимости от смартфона…: Nathaniel Barr et al., “The Brain in Your Pocket: Evidence That Smartphones Are Used to Supplant Thinking”, Computers in Human Behavior 48 (2015): 473–480.

213 как инструмент измерения склонности к рефлексии…: Niraj Patel, S. Glenn Baker, and Laura D. Scherer, “Evaluating the Cognitive Reflection Test as a Measure of Intuition/Reflection, Numeracy, and Insight Problem Solving, and the Implications for Understanding Real-World Judgments and Beliefs”, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 148, no. 12 (2019): 2129–2153.

214 Шкала измерения потребности в познании…: John T. Cacioppo and Richard E. Petty, “The Need for Cognition”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 42, no. 1 (1982): 116–131.

215 менее восприимчив к известным когнитивным искажениям…: Stephen M. Smith and Irwin P. Levin, “Need for Cognition and Choice Framing Effects”, Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 9, no. 4 (1996): 283–290.

216 раскрывающих суть интриги…: Judith E. Rosenbaum and Benjamin K. Johnson, “Who’s Afraid of Spoilers? Need for Cognition, Need for Affect, and Narrative Selection and Enjoyment”, Psychology of Popular Media Culture 5, no. 3 (2016): 273–289.

217 тест «Способность к зрелым решениям»…: Wandi Bruine De Bruin et al., “Individual Differences in Adult Decision-Making Com-petence”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 92, no. 5 (2007): 938–956.

218 тест Дайаны Халперн «Оценка критического мышления»…: Heather A. Butler, “Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment Predicts Real-World Outcomes of Critical Thinking”, Applied Cognitive Psychology 26, no. 5 (2012): 721–729.

219 могли бы определить хорошего прогнозиста…: Uriel Haran, Ilana Ritov, and Barbara Mellers, “The Role of Actively Open-Minded Thinking in Information Acquisition, Accuracy, and Calibration”, Judgment and Decision Making 8, no. 3 (2013): 188–201.

220 «активного открытого мышления»…: Haran, Ritov, and Mellers, “Role of Actively Open-Minded Thinking”.

221 можно научить…: J. Baron, “Why Teach Thinking? An Essay”, Applied Psychology: An International Review 42 (1993): 191–214; J. Baron, The Teaching of Thinking: Thinking and Deciding, 2nd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 127–148.

Глава 19

222 их основные выводы…: Тем, кто желает ознакомиться с блестящим обзором, рекомендуем Jack B. Soll et al., “A User’s Guide to Debiasing”, in The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making, ed. Gideon Keren and George Wu, vol. 2 (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2015), 684.

223 «Зеленую книгу»…: HM Treasury, The Green Book: Central Government Guidance on Appraisal and Evaluation (London: UK Crown, 2018), https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads /attachment_data/file/685903/The_Green_Book.pdf.

224 толчок к действию…: Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein, Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008).

225 бустинг…: Ralph Hertwig and Till Grüne-Yanoff, “Nudging and Boosting: Steering or Empowering Good Decisions”, Perspectives on Psychological Science 12, no. 6 (2017).