The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939

1 Juan Campos, quoted by Ronald Fraser, Recuérdalo tú y recuérdalo a otros, p. 49.

2 Gustau Nerín, La guerra que vino de áfrica, Barcelona, 2005, p. 178.

3 Hugh Thomas, La guerra civil española, Barcelona, 1976, i, p. 239.

4 General Romerales would be sentenced to death by a court martial on 26 August, accused of ‘sedition’ and ‘treason’, J. Casanova et al., Morir, matar, sobrevivir, Barcelona, 2002, p. 62.

5 Luis Romero, Tres días de Julio, Barcelona, 1967, p. 12.

6 José Millán Astray, Franco el Caudillo, Salamanca, 1939, pp. 22–6.

7 J. Casanova et al., op. cit., p. 62.

8 Quoted in Manuel Tuñón de Lara, La España del siglo xx, Paris, 1966, p. 429.

9 Julián Zugazagoitia, Guerra y vicisitudes de los españoles, Barcelona, 1977, p. 58.

10 See Francisco Espinosa, La columna de la muerte. El avance del ejército franquista de Sevilla a Badajoz, Barcelona, 2003, p. 4.

11 ABC de Sevilla, special supplement of 22 July 1936.

12 Quoted by Fraser, Recuérdalo tú…, pp. 205–6.

13 Quoted in Burnett Bolloten, La Revolución española, Barcelona, 1979, pp. 205–6.

14 Eduardo de Guzmán, Madrid rojo y negro, Barcelona, 1938, p. 37.

15 Hoy, México, D.F., 27 April 1940.

16 Marías, Una vida presente, pp. 190–1.

17 José Peirats, La CNT en la Revolución española, Paris, 1973, vol. i, p. 182.

18 On the subject of the time Franco took to reach Morocco out of prudence, see Carlos Blanco Escolá, La incompetencia militar de Franco, pp. 216–18 and also Paul Preston, Franco, pp. 187–90.

19 Carlos Blanco Escolá, Falacias de la guerra civil, p. 120.

20 DGFP, Wegener to Foreign Ministry, pp. 3–4.

21 Manuel Tuñon de Lara, Historia de España, vol. xii, pp. 456–9.

22 ‘Dame la boina/dame el fusil/que voy a matar más rojos/que flores tienen/mayo y abril’.

23 Gabriel Jackson, La República española…, p. 215.

24 Marcel Junod, Warrior without Weapons, New York, 1951, p. 98.

25 Ignacio Martín Jiménez, La guerra civil en Valladolid, 1936–1939, Valladolid, 2000, pp. 47ff.

26 There cannot have been very many. According to Josep Fontana no more than 346 civilians in Barcelona took up arms against the Republic (Visions de guerra de reraguardia, Barcelona, 1977, prologue).

27 ‘Soy el general Goded. Declaro ante el pueblo español que la suerte me ha sido adversa. En adelante, aquellos que quieran continuar la lucha no deben ya contar conmigo’, quoted in Tuñon, La España del siglo XX, p. 432.

CHAPTER 7: The Struggle for Control

1 Ian Gibson, Queipo de Llano, Barcelona, 1986, p. 76.

2 Luis Romero, Tres días de Julio, p. 50.

3 In 1919, when the French sent a squadron to the Black Sea during the Russian civil war to support the White Army, sailors of the battleships France and Jean Bart mutinied in support of the bolsheviks. Andre´ Marty, the French Comintern representative in Spain, had made an almost mythical reputation there when he played a leading part.

4 Voelckels to Foreign Ministry, Alicante, 16 October 1936, DGFP, p. 112.

5 Small bodies of troops had been flown before, including British soldiers sent from Cyprus to Iraq in 1932, but the transport of Franco’s troops across the Straits of Gibraltar is generally regarded as the first major air bridge.

6 H. R. Trevor-Roper (ed.), Las conversaciónes privadas de Hitler, Barcelona, 2004.

7 Santos Juliá (ed.), Victimas de la guerra civil, Madrid. 1999, pp. 87–8.

8 Zugazagoitia, Guerra y vicissitudes, p. 70; Fraser, Recuérdalo tú y recuérdalo a otros, pp. 80, 86–7.

9 Jack Lindsay, ‘On guard for Spain!’, Junta de Castilla y León, Salamanca, 1986, p. 132.

10 Luis Romero, op. cit., p. 555.

11 Ian Gibson, Granada en 1936 y el asesinato de García Lorca, Barcelona, 1979, p. 75.

12 Antonio Bahamonde, Un año con Queipo, or Memoirs of a Spanish Nationalist, London, 1939.

13 Ronald Fraser, op. cit., p. 152.

14 The rebels controlled approximately 235,000 square kilometres of the peninsular territory with eleven million people, and the Republic 270,000 with fourteen million.