The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

143. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, OEMU/57/3, preliminary draft report, ‘Birmingham’, 10 Jan 1942; NC, Cherwell papers, G192, ‘City of Birmingham: Effects of Air Raids on Dwelling House Property’, 12 Feb 1942, 3; TWA, DX 15/1, Gateshead Emergency Services Manual, MH circular, 24 Sept 1940.

144. TNA, PREM 3/18/1, Minister of Health to Churchill, 8 Jan 1941; MH, ‘Houses Repaired by Local Authorities in Heavily Raided Towns’, 5 June 1941.

145. TWA, Gateshead Emergency Services Manual, ‘Mutual Assistance in Clearing Debris’.

146. HHC, TSCD/4, Hull City Engineer, ‘The Manchester Blitz’, 31 Dec 1940; TNA, AIR 40/288, Air Intelligence, ‘The Blitz’, Folder 3, ‘Report on Coventry’, 14 Aug 1941.

147. TNA, AIR 40/288, 2–4; Donnelly (ed), Mrs. Milburn’s Diaries, 69, entry for 20 Nov 1940.

148. TWA, Gateshead Emergency Services manual, MHS circulars, 204/1940, ‘Salvage of Property and Clearing of Debris’; 74/1941, ‘General Organisation of Recovery of Goods and Property’.

149. MO-A, TC 15/1/A, ‘Demolition in London, 1941’, 15–16, 58–9.

150. Todd Gray, Looting in Wartime Britain (Exeter: 2009), 185–9.

151. MO-A, TC 15/1/A, ‘War Damage: Emergency Repairs and Supplies of Materials’.

152. HHC, TYP Part I, Hull City Corporation, Damage to Property 1939–45; TNA, PREM 3/18/1, Churchill to Lord Reith (Minister of Works), 9 Dec 1940; Reith to Churchill, 3 Jan 1941.

153. TNA, PREM 3/18/1, Minister of Health to Churchill, ‘Houses Repaired by Local Authorities, November 1941’; Minister of Production (Oliver Lyttleton) to Churchill, 22 Aug 1942.

154. TNA, AIR 20/4768, Note for Director of Bombing Operations, Air Ministry, 6 Apr 1942.

155. Alymer Firebrace, ‘Britain’s Wartime Fire Service’, in Horatio Bond (ed), Fire and the Air War (Boston, MA: 1946), 23–5, 33; Ewen, ‘Preparing the British Fire Service’, 221.

156. Green, Caught, 179, 183.

157. Firebrace, ‘Britain’s Wartime Fire Service’, 23.

158. Ewen, ‘Preparing the British Fire Service’, 221; TNA, AIR 40/288, Air Intelligence, ‘Report on Coventry’, 14 Aug 1941.

159. TNA, AIR 40/288, 34–7, 49.

160. Michael Brown, Put That Light Out! Britain’s Civil Defence Services at War 1939–1945 (Stroud: 1999), 102–3.

161. MO-A, TC23 Box 11, ‘Seven Months’ Experience of Industrial Firewatching’, 30 Sept 1941.

162. TNA, HO 186/608, memorandum by Lt. Col. G. Symonds (MHS Fire Adviser), 4 Dec 1940.

163. PArch, Beaverbrook papers BBK/D/24b, Sir Ernest Simon to Beaverbrook, 4 Dec 1940, ‘Fire Prevention’; ‘Report on Lancashire Blitz Raids, December 20/24 1940’, 25 Dec 1940; report by J. R. Scott, ‘Air Attacks on Manchester’, 24 Dec 1940; HHC, TSCD/4, Hull City Engineer, ‘Manchester Blitz’, 31 Dec 1940.

164. Donoughue, Jones, Herbert Morrison, 292–3.

165. Friends House Archive, London (FHA), COR 5/9, Note ‘Firewatching Cases’ [n.d. but Apr 1941]; Stuart Morris to Herbert Morrison, 1 Apr 1942. Hayes, Challenge of Conscience, 191–2.

166. FHA, Temp Mss. 914, 914/BM/1, minutes of Central Board meeting, 26 Feb 1941; ‘Firewatching Cases’ [n.d. but Apr 1941]; Stuart Morris to Herbert Morrison, 1 Apr 1942.

167. TWA, MD-NC/276/4, Fire Prevention Department, ‘The Guard Organisation: Progress Report’, 15 Dec 1941; ‘Fire Guard Organisation’, 27 Apr 1943.

168. Firebrace, ‘Britain’s Wartime Fire Service’, 28–9; idem, ‘The Reorganization of the British Fire Service’, in Bond, Fire and the Air War, 48–50; Ewen, ‘Preparing the British Fire Service’, 214, 223–4.

169. CCAC, Hodsoll papers, memorandum by Hodsoll, ‘Consolidated Lessons of Raiding in Great Britain’ [n.d. but 1945], 2.

170. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, OEMU/56/5, Zuckerman to Ministry of Pensions, 28 Aug 1941; Aubrey Lewis (Mill Hill Hospital) to Stradling, 5 Nov 1941; Russell Fraser (Mill Hill Hospital) to Zuckerman, 23 Nov 1941.

171. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, OEMU/57/5, Hull Survey, Tables Ia–VIIf.

172. Ibid., OEMU/56/5, Aubrey Lewis to Zuckerman, 23 June 1942, 1.

173. Ibid., OEMU/57/3, Draft report, ‘Hull’ [n.d.], 6; Zuckerman, From Apes to Warlords, 142–3, 405, App 2, ‘Quantitative Study of Total Effects of Air Raids’, 8 Apr 1942.

174. Thoms, War, Industry and Society, 126–9.

175. Süss, ‘Wartime Societies and Shelter Politics’, 34–5; Edgar Jones, Robin Woolven, Simon Wessely, ‘Civilian Morale during the Second World War: Responses to Air Raids Re-Examined’, Social History of Medicine, 17 (2004), 463–79.

176. Field, Blood, Sweat and Toil, 43.

177. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, OEMU/57/5, draft report, ‘Disturbances in the mental stability of the working population of Hull’, App II, Case Histories.

178. Ibid., App II, Case 1 and Case 37.