The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

209. Wasson, Urban Gothic, 33; Hewison, Under Siege, 44–52.

210. Brett Holman, ‘ “Bomb Back, and Bomb Hard”: Debating Reprisals during the Blitz’, Australian Journal of Politics and History, 58 (2012), 403–5.

211. LSE Archive, Peace Pledge Union papers, Coll. Misc. 825, PPU Information Service, no 22, 6 Nov 1940, 2.

212. FHA, Foley papers, Mss. 448, Box 2, file 4, press review 23 Aug 1941, letter to Daily Mail from Lady Hilda Wittenham.

213. Stebbing, Diary of a Decade, 51; Donnelly (ed), Mrs. Milburn’s Diaries, 77. TNA, INF/266, Reginald L. to Duff Cooper, 4 Dec 1940; MoI, internal memorandum, 5 Dec 1940.

214. MO-A, TC 23, File 12/A, ‘Report on Reprisals from the RAF’, 6 Dec 1940. On the policy of avoiding ‘reprisal’ see Süss, Tod aus der Luft, 105–6.

215. FHA, Foley papers, Mss. 448, Box 3, file 2, Note on British Institute of Public Opinion.

216. Ibid., Mss. 448, Box 2, file 2, ‘The Bombing Restrictions Committee: Its Origin, Purpose and Publications’, Nov 1944; LSE, Peace Pledge Union Papers, Coll. Misc. 825, PPU Information Service, no 24, 7 Jan 1941, ‘The Case against Reprisals’.

217. TNA, AIR 40/288, ‘The Blitz’, App A, ‘Morale’, 1.

218. MO-A, TC15/1/A, ‘Demolition in London 1941’, 23–4, 40–45, 47. Air marshal story in Newcastle University Special Collections, Twentieth-Century Pamphlets, Box 7, Tom Harrisson, ‘Mass Observation’, World Review, Aug 1940, 66.

219. Gallup, Gallup International Polls, 37, 43. A good example of a diary is Helen Millgate (ed), Mr. Brown’s War: A Diary of the Second World War (Stroud: 1999), 63–75. Also Jesse, Harwood, While London Burns, where news of bombing in letters to their American friends ebbs away after October.

220. TWA, DX 52/1, minute book, Percy Crescent and Cockburn Terrace Fire-Fighting Scheme, North Shields, meetings of 2 Feb, 4 Feb, 6 Feb, 12 Feb 1941; Fire-Watching Rotas, 1941, 1943, 1944.

221. HHC, TSCD/4, ‘Coventry Conference for ARP Controllers’, 17 Dec 1940, 2.

222. TNA, HO 186/608, ‘Notes for the Guidance of Area Commands’, 26 Nov 1940.

223. Ibid., AIR 40/288, ‘The Blitz’, App A, ‘Morale’, 1.

224. Ibid., 1; TWA, MD-NC/276/3, Office of Northern Regional Commissioner memorandum, ‘Air Raid Damage’, 13 Mar 1941.

225. TNA, HO 186/927, Regional Commissioner, South-West region, to all town clerks, ‘Intensive Air Attacks – Co-ordination of Services’, 20 Dec 1940.

226. Brittain, England’s Hour, 123.

227. Donnelly, Mrs. Milburn’s Diaries, 80–81, entry for 14 Jan 1941.

228. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, OEMU/56/3, Report on Interview with Head Shelter Wardens of Lewisham Borough, Oct 1941, 3–4.

229. Cited in Jalland, Death in War and Peace, 134–5.

230. Julie Rugg, ‘Managing “Civilian Deaths Due to War Operations”: Yorkshire Experiences During World War II’, Twentieth Century British History, 15 (2004), 164–8.

231. Cowles, Looking for Trouble, 439.

232. TNA, AIR 40/288, ‘The Blitz’, 7–8; UEA, Zuckerman Archive, OEMU/57/3, draft report, ‘Birmingham’, 10 Jan 1942; Report prepared by Zuckerman and J. D. Bernal, ‘A Quantitative Study of the Total Effect of Air Raids’, 2 Apr 1942, 8.

233. TNA, HO 186/608, minutes of meeting, 3 Dec 1940.

234. MO-A, TC23 Box 11, File 11E, opinion poll, 2 Aug 1941; File 11/K, Warden posts general report, 13 June 1941.

235. TWA, CB.SU/3/1, Sunderland ARP Committee, report on damage, 1 May 1942, 5 June 1942, 11 Oct 1942, 16 Oct 1942, 14 Mar 1943, 22 Mar 1943, 16 May 1943, 24 May 1943.

236. TNA, HO 186/927, MHS, ‘Departmental Reports on Preparations for Heavy Attacks’, Aug 1941, 22–3.

237. O’Brien, Civil Defence, 548–58, 690.

238. TNA, HO 186/2315, LCC, ‘Note on Crash Raids’ [n.d. but Oct 1942], 3.

239. TNA, PREM 3/27, Morrison and Bevin to Churchill, 9 Oct 1941; MH 76/491, London Civil Defence Region, Progress report on air-raid shelters, Dec 1941.

240. HHC, TSA/CD/87, memorandum, Hull City Engineer, 22 Nov 1941; TSCD/41, meeting of Emergency Works Committee, 8 Apr 1942.

241. HHC, TSA/CD/87, Ministry of Food, instructions to town clerks, 9 Aug 1941; TNA, HO 186/2347, City of Leicester: Emergency Feeding Scheme, July 1943.

242. TNA, HO 199/140, Home Security Office, Bristol, report on bombing in Weston-super-Mare, 29 June 1942; Report re. Weston-super-Mare, 30 June 1942; MHS Report on the South-Western Region for the month of June 1942.

243. TNA, HO 186/2315, Town Clerk Norwich to Eastern Regional Commissioner, 3 June 1942, ‘Memorandum in Connection with the Recent Raids on Norwich’, 1–4.

244. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, OEMU 50/2/4, REDept, ‘Effects on Labour of Air Raids’, 19 Oct 1942, 1–5.