The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

275. Royal Society, London Blackett papers, PB/4/4, Note on effects of bombing on civilian population, 15 Aug 1941, 3.

4. THE UNTOLD CHAPTER: THE BOMBING OF SOVIET CITIES

1. PArch, Balfour papers, BAL/1, Moscow Diary 1941, entries for 27–28 Sept, 2 Oct 1941.

2. Alexander Werth, Moscow ’41 (London: 1944), 86, 93–5.

3. Walter Citrine, In Russia Now (London: 1942), 55–6.

4. RGVA, f.37878, o.1, d.297, Report on air attacks against Moscow between 21 July and 22 Aug 1941; Horst Boog et al., DRZW: Band 4: Der Angriff auf die Sowjetunion (Stuttgart: 1983), 692.

5. RGVA, f.37878, o.1, d.443, report of MPVO HQ, air attacks on the territory of the Soviet Union, Jan–June 1942, 15–36.

6. Richard Suchenwirth, Command and Leadership in the German Air Force: USAF Historical Studies, no. 174 (New York: 1969), 254, citing an intelligence briefing by Gen. Josef Schmid.

7. Walther Hubatsch (ed), Hitlers Weisungen für die Kriegführung (Munich: 1965), 100, Directive no. 21, ‘Case Barbarossa’, 18 Dec 1940.

8. LC, Spaatz papers, Box 134, Interrogation of Reich Marshal Hermann Goering, 10 May 1945, 10; UEA, Zuckerman Archive, SZ/BBSU/75/1, USAAF HQ, Air P/W Interrogation Detachment, Enemy Intelligence Summaries, Hermann Goering, 1 June 1945, 8.

9. James Corum, Wolfram von Richthofen: Master of the German Air War (Lawrence, KS: 2008), 272–3.

10. Andrew Brookes, Air War Over Russia (Hersham, Surrey: 2003), 67, citing Pravda for 6 Feb 1939.

11. Leonid Kerber, Stalin’s Aviation Gulag: A Memoir of Andrei Tupolev and the Purge Era, ed Von Hardesty (Washington, DC: 1996), 5–13.

12. Protivovozdushnaia oborona strany (1914–1995) (Moscow: 1998), 88–92.

13. Brookes, Air War Over Russia, 31, 63.

14. Protivovozdushnaia oborona strany, 92–104.

15. Lt. Gen. Beregovoi, ‘Voiska VNOS PVO Strany v pervom periode voiny’, Voenno-istoricheskiy zhurnal, 7 (1975), 13–21; Gen. P. Batitsky, ‘Voiska protivovozduzhnoi oborony strany’, Voenno-istoricheskiy zhurnal, 8 (1967), 20–22.

16. RGVA, f.37878, o.1, d.297, MPVO HQ, Operational Report, June 1941–Feb 1942, 1–9.

17. F. Kagan, ‘The Evacuation of Soviet Industry in the Wake of “Barbarossa”: A Key to Soviet Victory’, Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 8 (1995), 396–8, 406; G. A. Kumanev, ‘The Soviet Economy and the 1941 Evacuation’, in Joseph L. Wieczynski (ed), Operation Barbarossa: The German Attack on the Soviet Union, June 22, 1941 (Salt Lake City, UT: 1993), 189, 191–3.

18. RGAE, f.29, o.1, d.1792/1961, 2; Brookes, Air War Over Russia, 63–4.

19. Olaf Groehler, Bombenkrieg gegen Deutschland (Berlin: 1990), 160–61; Rolf-Dieter Müller, Der Bombenkrieg 1939–1945 (Berlin: 2004), 100.

20. Harry Flannery, Assignment to Berlin (London: 1942), 271–2.

21. Groehler, Bombenkrieg gegen Deutschland, 164–5.

22. Hubatsch (ed), Hitlers Weisungen, 164, Directive no. 33, 19 July 1941.

23. Ibid., 173, Directive no. 34a, 12 Aug 1941. See too Walter Warlimont, Inside Hitler’s Headquarters 1939–45 (London: 1964), 186–8.

24. Henrik Eberle, Matthias Uhl (eds), The Hitler Book: The Secret Dossier Prepared for Stalin (London: 2005), 77.

25. RGVA, f.37878, o.1, d.297, MPVO HQ, Operational Report, June 1941–Feb 1942, 10–14.

26. Von Hardesty, Ilya Grinberg, Red Phoenix Rising: The Soviet Air Force in World War II (Lawrence, KS: 2012), 57–9, 68; Brookes, Air War Over Russia, 70.

27. TsAMO, f.500, o.957971, d.425, Luftwaffe Operations Staff, Foreign Air Forces East, ‘SU-Grossgerät zur Flugabwehr’, 8 Mar 1944, 4–6.

28. Boog et al., DRZW: Band 4, 692–3.

29. RGVA, f.37878, o.1, d.297, MPUO HQ, Operational Report, June 1941–Feb 1942, 98.

30. Corum, Wolfram von Richthofen, 272–4; David Glantz, The Siege of Leningrad 1941–1944: 900 Days of Terror (London: 2004), 47. Leningrad survived the ordeal, but was besieged for more than two years.