The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

61. Ibid., f.37878, o.1, d.722, Col. M. Linin, Chief of Anti-Chemical Defence, MPVO, ‘Anti-Chemical Defence during the War’, 3 July 1945; Maj. Bychkov, MPVO HQ, ‘Organisational Structure of the MPVO’, 12 July 1945.

62. Lennart Samuelson, Tankograd: The Formation of a Soviet Company Town: Cheliabinsk 1900–1950s (Basingstoke: 2011), 219.

63. Ibid., 65–72; on Stalingrad, RGVA, f.37878, o.1, d.189, Lt. Ageev (MPVO, Stalingrad station), ‘Operational review of the activities of MPVO headquarters and agencies in the Stalingrad region until 14 Jan 1942’.

64. RGVA, f.37878, o.1, d.701, MPVO HQ, Lt. Gen. Osokin, ‘Report on the Activities of the GU MPVO/NKVD over the Period of the War to December 1 1944’, 6 Jan 1945; f.37878, 0.1, d.722, ‘Organisational Structure of the MPVO’, 74–81.

65. RGVA, f.37878, o.1, d.722, 10, ‘Financial systems of the MPVO’ [n.d.].

66. Ibid., f.37878, o.1, d.701, ‘Report on the Activities of GU MPVO/NKVD over the Period of the War’, 6 Jan 1945; f.37878, 0.1, d.722, ‘Anti-Chemical Defence during the War’, 3 July 1945; ‘The State of the MPVO in People’s Commissariats’, 24 Aug 1945.

67. Rodric Braithwaite, Moscow 1941: A City and its People at War (London: 2006), 189–90.

68. RGVA, f.37878, o.1, d.701, ‘Report on the Activities of the GU MPVO/NKVD over the Period of the War’, 6 Jan 1945; f.37878, o.1, d.722, 3, ‘Growth of the Collective Defence in the Cities’; 17–20, ‘Prospects: Protection of the People from Air Raids in the Future’, Apr 1945; ‘Anti-Chemical Defence during the War’, 3 July 1945. For a good description of basement shelters and the construction programme in Leningrad see Evgenii Moniushko, From Leningrad to Hungary: Notes of a Red Army Soldier, 1941–1946 (London: 2005), 7–9.

69. Henry Cassidy, Moscow Dateline, 1941–1943 (London: 1943), 68; Braithwaite, Moscow 1941, 190–91.

70. Braithwaite, Moscow 1941, 187–90.

71. PArch, Balfour papers, BAL/1, Moscow Diary, entry for 27 Sept 1941; Cassidy, Moscow Dateline, 66; Moniushko, From Leningrad to Hungary, 19–20.

72. Werth, Moscow ’41, 112–13.

73. Air Ministry, The Rise and Fall of the German Air Force, 1933–1945 (London: 1983), 168.

74. RGVA, f.37878, o.1, d.443, MPVO HQ, Report no. 2, ‘on the consequences of air-raids of the enemy aviation between December 1941 and January 1942’, Feb 1942; Report no. 9, ‘on the consequences of air raids of enemy aviation in April 1942’, May 1942.

75. Ibid., f.37878, o.1, d.443, 1st dept., MPVO HQ, Col. Baksov, ‘Report on the activity of divisions and groups of the MPVO from the start of the war until February 1942’, [n.d.].

76. Citrine, In Russia Now, 59–60; John Barber, ‘The Moscow Crisis of October 1941’, in Julian Cooper, Maureen Perrie, E. A. Rees (eds), Soviet History 1917–1953: Essays in Honour of R. W. Davies (London: 1995), 201–18; M. M. Gorinov, ‘Muscovites’ Moods, 22 June 1941 to May 1942’, in Robert Thurston, Bernd Bonwetsch (eds), The People’s War: Responses to World War II in the Soviet Union (Chicago, IL: 2000), 123–4.

77. RGVA, f.37878, o.1, d.443, ‘Report on the enemy aviation and the work of divisions and groups of the MPVO from the start of the war until February 1942’; Salisbury, The 900 Days, 297.

78. Reid, Leningrad, 143; Salisbury, The 900 Days, 291, 298. On alarms see Moniushko, From Leningrad to Hungary, 30.

79. Svetlana Magaieva, Albert Pleysier, Surviving the Blockade of Leningrad (Lanham, MD: 2006), 39, 42.

80. RGVA, f.37878, o.1, d.443, Report no. 5, 10 Apr 1942; Report no. 9, May 1942; Moniushko, From Leningrad to Moscow, 17.

81. Magaieva, Pleysier, Surviving the Blockade, 66.

82. Moniushko, From Leningrad to Hungary, 18–19.

83. RGVA, f.37878, o.1, d.443, Report no. 9, May 1942.

84. Ibid., f.37878, o.1, d.438, 21–3, MPVO, Summative report on the enemy’s air raids over the city of Stalingrad in Apr 1942; 77–82, Summative report, July 1942.

85. Ibid., 124–5, Summative report, Aug 1942.

86. Ibid., 126–7.

87. Ibid., f.37878, o.1, d.722, ‘Prospects: Protection of the People from air Raids’, April 1945; ‘Anti-Chemical Defence during the War’, 3 July 1945; ‘The state of the MPVO in People’s Commissariats of transport and industry’, 24 Aug 1945.