The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

245. TNA, HO 186/2315, Notes of meeting at Home Office, ‘Crash Raids’, 20 Oct 1942; ‘Mass Raids: an appreciation of Civil Defence under altered conditions of enemy action’, 9 Oct 1942.

246. TNA, HO/2315, County Borough of East Ham, ‘Civil Defence Services: Modification in Tactical Dispositions in Case of Crash Raids’, 6 July 1943; Hodsoll (MHS) to Sir Edward Warner, 5 Nov 1943, ‘Crash Raiding’; draft report for Regional Commissioners, ‘Reporting of Damage Caused by Intensive Raids’ [n.d. but Dec 1943].

247. TWA, MD-NC/276/5, Newcastle Fire Prevention Department, ‘Fire Guard Organisation’, 27 Apr 1943; Emergency Committee meeting minutes, 20 Sept 1943.

248. HHC, TYW/1/A23, Hull ARP controller to chief warden, 25 Feb 1944; TYW/1/T2, Home Security circular, ‘Refresher Courses at Home Security Schools’.

249. TWA, DX 1306/1, Tynemouth civil defence Musical and Dramatic Society minute book, 1943–4.

250. Doherty, Post 381, 121–3.

251. TNA, MH 79/500, MH minute, ‘Shelters – L.P.T.B. Tube Stations’, 2 Mar 1944; London Transport Board report, ‘Tube Shelters’, 29 Feb 1944; O’Brien, Civil Defence, 546–7.

252. TNA, MH 79/500, MH minute, ‘Provision of Shelters – London Region’, 25 Feb 1944; London Transport Board report, ‘Tube Shelters’, 29 Feb 1944; ‘Air Raid Shelter Provision’, March 1944; London Tube Shelter Population, Feb to Oct 1944.

253. TNA, HO 186/2944, London Civil Defence Region, ‘Reporting the First Flare by Civil Defence’, Mar 1944.

254. Stebbing, Diary of a Decade, 243–52 (three entries only; on the one raid directly over Stebbing’s house he wrote that he was too lazy and too cold to get out of bed); Millgate (ed), Mr. Brown’s War, 205 (one entry on a raid in Feb).

255. TNA, HO 186/2271, Note of a meeting at the Home Office, 7 July 1943; ‘Long Range Rocket: London Region Appreciation’, 16 July 1943.

256. TNA, HO 186/2271, War Cabinet minutes, 3 Feb 1944; Churchill to Morrison, 13 Feb 1944.

257. TNA, HO 186/2944, ‘London Regional Narrative: History of Operations in London Region’, 1945, 28; O’Brien, Civil Defence, 652–3.

258. Hewison, Under Siege: Literary Life in London 1939–1945, 168; Stebbing, Diary of a Decade, 262–3.

259. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, OEMU/59/13/1, Regional Information Office, ‘Flying Bomb Attack on London’, 12 July 1944, 1.

260. Ibid., OEMU/59/13/3, MoI, ‘Effect of the Flying Bomb on Industrial Workers’, 1–2.

261. Ibid., OEMU/59/13, British Institute of Public Opinion, survey third week of Aug 1944; ‘Effects of Rockets and Flying Bombs’ [n.d.]; MO-A, TC 23 File 12/E, observer report, London, 30 June 1944.

262. Titmuss, Social Policy, 426–7.

263. CCAC, Hodsoll papers, HDSL 5/4, ‘Review of Civil Defence 1944’, 2–7.

264. TNA, HO 186/2299, ‘Lessons from Recent Raids: Flying Bomb’ [n.d.], 1.

265. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, OEMU/59/9, MHS REDept, ‘Casualty Rate of Flying Bombs at Night’, 4 July 1944; ‘Flying Bombs: Casualties in London Region’, 20 Dec 1944.

266. TNA, MH 79/500, London Tube Shelter Population, Feb–Oct 1944; HO 191/11, ‘Statement of Civilian Casualties’, 31 July 1945.

267. MO-A, TC 23 File 12/G, some notes on reaction to V2, March 1945.

268. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, OEMU/59/13, draft ‘Shelter Habits’, Table A, Table B. Numbers sheltering from rockets varied between 29 per cent of families with a private shelter to 0 per cent using public shelters with or without a family.

269. TNA, MH 79/500, London Tube Shelter Population, Feb–Oct 1945; Titmuss, Social Policy, 428–9.

270. HHC, TYP Pt I, War Damage Returns, Hull, 1939–45; TNA, HO 186/2944, London Region Narrative, 1945, 28. Total casualties in TNA, HO 191/11, ‘Statement of Civilian Casualties in the United Kingdom’, 31 July 1945.

271. MO-A, TC 23 File 12/H, ‘The Lifting of the Blackout’, 28 Sept 1944; ‘A Note on Relaxation of the Blackout’, 17 Sept 1944; Wiggam, ‘The Blackout and the Idea of Community’, 54–5.

272. TWA, MD-NC/276/5, Emergency Committee minutes, 31 July 1944; TSCD/41, ‘Report of City Engineer to Emergency Committee’, 22 Sept 1944. On reducing civil defence numbers see HHC, TYW/1/A23, Regional Commissioners to ARP Controllers, 14 Apr 1944; Hull ARP Controller to chief warden, 16 Aug 1944; minute ARP Controller, Hull, 28 Sept 1944; Home Office, North-Eastern region to Hull town clerk, 11 July 1947, ‘Collection and Disposal of Steel Shelter Material’; Home Office to town clerk, 6 Dec 1947. On London TNA, MEPO 2/6463, Sir Ernest Gowers to MP Commissioner Sir Philip Game, 16 July 1942; MP Commissioner to Westminster town clerk, ‘Shelters: Improper Use’, 13 Sept 1945.

273. HHC, TYW/1/A-58, Home Office, Leeds to Hull town clerk, 14 June 1945.

274. TNA, HO 207/226, Daily Tube Shelter Returns, 30 Jan, 9 Apr 1945; memorandum, ‘How the Tube Shelter Occupancy Figures Read for the Last Few Nights’, 8 May 1945.