The Origins of Autocracy

State, pp. 196-97). But even if Wallerstein is correct in relation to some parts of Eastern Europe, his model still fails to explain why in its other parts (Denmark and Sweden) serfdom did not prevail at all. Indeed, the sixteenth-century boom in the Baltic grain trade intensified not one but two different patterns of sociopolitical development, which we may arbitrarily call Polish and Swedish. This again certifies that the choice between Polish and Swedish patterns was still open for sixteenth-century Muscovy. And, having in mind that its political structure was much closer to Sweden than to Po­land, one may say that the chance of avoiding serfdom was rather high for Muscovy before the Oprichnina.

11. M. N. Pokrovskii, Ocherk .... p. 218.

13. A. S. Pavlov, Istoricheskii ocherk sekuliarizatsii tserkovnykh zemel' v Rossii, p. 113.