The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB

77. k-26,162. The KGB file on the drug test incident identifies the Soviet player concerned, but, since he was never tested, it is unfair to mention his name.

78. k-26,162.

79. k-19,235.

80. Kusin, From Dubˇcek to Charter 77, pp. 304-25; Renner, A History of Czechoslovakia since 1945, pp. 128-47; Crampton, Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century, p. 384.

81. Cited in Renner, A History of Czechoslovakia since 1945, p. 102.

Chapter Seventeen The KGB and Western Communist Parties

1. vol. 9, ch. 1, para. 17.

2. k-3,65,115. k-8,182. Though the earliest reference in Mitrokhin’s notes to Plissonnier’s collaboration with the KGB dates from 1952, it may well have begun earlier.

3. Robrieux, Histoire intérieure du Parti communiste, vol. 4, pp. 450-2. Bell and Criddle, The French Communist Party in the Fifth Republic, pp. 19, 21.

4. k-3,65,115. k-8,182.

5. k-3,65,115. k-8,182. Boumedienne was president of Algeria from December 1976 until his death in December 1978.

6. Ginsborg, A History of Contemporary Italy, pp. 84-7.

7. Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only, pp. 171-2.

8. Mitrokhin’s notes do not include any examples of the intelligence obtained by DARIO and his female recruits from the foreign ministry.

9. At various stages in his career as a Soviet agent, DARIO was codenamed BASK, SPARTAK, GAU, CHESTNY and GAUDEMUS. He appears to have switched from GRU to MGB control immediately after the Second World War. k-10,109.

10. k-10,101-3,107,109. Mitrokhin’s notes imply that in 1956 DARIO was also instrumental in the recruitment of MAGDA, a typist in the foreign ministry press department (k-10,100,103). Mitrokhin’s notes also record the recruitment in 1970 of an agent in the Foreign Ministry, codenamed STRELOK, by Georgi Pavlovich Antonov. STRELOK subsequently became “reluctant to cooperate” (k-4,80,158; k-2,221,231,268).

11. k-10,109. See below chapter 18.

12. k-7,4,193; k-16,338,419; k-18,153; k-20,94.

13. Cronin, Great Power Politics and the Struggle over Austria, chs. 1-4; Barker, Austria 1918-1972, part 3.

14. Barker, Austria 1918-1972, p. 178.

15. k-18,52.

16. k-18,52.

17. k-16,214,216; vol. 5, sect. 6, paras. 5,6 and n.

18. k-14,722; k-2,175; t-7,1.

19. k-2,81,145,150.

20. k-13,55,61.

21. t-7,1.

22. The SKP fought elections as part of the Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto (SKDL), mainly composed of Communists and fellow travelers.

23. Zubok and Pleshakov, Inside the Kremlin’s Cold War, pp. 118-19, 131-2.

24. Mitrokhin’s notes unfortunately contain nothing on the Communist role in the post-war coalition governments and little on Finland before the Brezhnev era. Given the willing assistance given to the KGB by the SVK chairman (later honorary chairman), Ville Pessi, in the 1970s (k-26,191,211,228), it is scarcely conceivable that such assistance was not forthcoming earlier. Pessi was already a powerful figure as SVK secretary after the Second World War. The earliest post-war example of SVK assistance to Soviet intelligence operations noted by Mitrokhin was the help given in 1949-51 to the illegal VIK in adopting the identity of the Finn Eugene Maki. The first KGB agent in the Finnish police force referred to in Mitrokhin’s notes is ZVEN, a CID officer recruited in 1959 (k-5,309).

25. Upton, The Communist Parties of Scandinavia and Finland, part 2, chs. 6, 7. Upton quotes from one of the few surviving copies of Leino’s 1958 memoirs, Kommunisti sisäministerinä, withdrawn on the eve of publication.

26. Upton, The Communist Parties of Scandinavia and Finland, p. 405.

27. See above, chapter 7.

28. Klehr and Haynes, The American Communist Movement, ch. 4. This admirable volume omits the role of the undeclared Party members after 1958.

29. See above, chapter 10.

30. See below, chapter 24.

31. Mitrokhin’s notes give the names of two Canadians who assisted in obtaining the passport in the name of “Robert Callan,” no. 4-716255. The Centre also doctored a genuine Canadian passport, no. 4-428012, in the name of Vasili Dzogola (?Dzogol), inserting a photograph of “Abel” and changing the eye color and other particulars to match his. Because of “Abel’s” arrest, this passport too was never used. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2.

32. k-27,451.

33. k-3,122.

34. Since non-Soviet citizens could not normally qualify for officer status in the KGB, it was intended that the new recruits should become illegal agents rather than illegal officers.

35. k-26,331.

36. k-26,332.