The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB

84. vol. 6, app. 1, part 4; t-3,76. Mitrokhin had access only to reports in FCD files based on intelligence provided by the agent, not to the agent’s file itself—probably because he had been recruited by the Second (rather than the First) Chief Directorate during a visit to the Soviet Union. Within the United States he seems to have been run from the San Francisco residency.

85. The transliteration of these names into the Cyrillic alphabet in the KGB report of the meeting makes identification difficult. vol. 6, ch. 12.

86. vol. 6, ch. 12.

87. vol. 6, ch. 12.

88. Barron, Operation Solo, pp. xiii, 312-14, 329-31.

89. Klehr and Haynes, The American Communist Movement, pp. 173-4.

90. Haynes and Klehr, “‘Moscow Gold,’ Confirmed at Last?”; Klehr, Haynes and Anderson, The Soviet World of American Communism, pp. 149-64.

91. Barron, Operation Solo, p. 300.

92. Healey and Isserman, Dorothy Healey Remembers, p. 273. Dorothy Ray Healey left the Party in 1973.

Chapter Eighteen Eurocommunism

1. Urban, Moscow and the Italian Communist Party, pp. 254-6.

2. k-26,187, 252, 288, 295, 296.

3. k-26, 258.

4. k-26, 229.

5. k-26, 59.

6. k-26, 60.

7. The Centre concluded that the forgeries had probably been included in the money handed to the PCI in either April or July 1972. k-26, 299.

8. k-26, 306. From 1969 to 1976 the PCI emissary most frequently used to collect Soviet subsidies from the embassy was Barontini (codenamed CLAUDIO); other emissaries referred to in KGB files were Marmuggi (codenamed CARO) and Guido Cappelloni (codenamed ALBERTO). k-26, 256, 267, 270, 291, 300, 302, 303, 305, 306.

Smaller subsidies also went to the Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (PSIUP) and the San Marino Communist Party. In 1974 the San Marino general secretary sent Brezhnev a Capo di Monte marble clock, via the Rome residency, in gratitude for Soviet financial assistance. k-26, 260, 283, 306.

9. k-26, 246.

10. k-26, 252, 311. The supply of the SELENYA radio system to the PCI by the KGB had been approved in principle by Politburo decision no. P 91/3 of May 17, 1973, but it was agreed that, “The two-way radios must be handed over to our Italian friends [the PCI] only when there is a real need to organize radio communications, bearing in mind that if kept in store for a long period the radio stations require periodic checks, maintenance and repairs.”

11. Berlinguer’s articles, first published in the autumn of 1973, are reprinted in Valenza (ed.), Il compromesso storico, pp. 14-31.

12. k-26, 229. Agostino Novella, a veteran member of the PCI Direzione, strengthened the case against Amendola, Pajetta and Ingrao by telling Ambassador Rhyzov that all three had tried to prevent Longo seeking medical treatment in the Soviet Union. k-26, 230.

13. Urban, Moscow and the Italian Communist Party, ch. 8. Ginsborg, A History of Contemporary Italy, 1943-1988, ch. 10.

14. k-26, 237.

15. Urban, Moscow and the Italian Communist Party, ch. 8.

16. Urban, Moscow and the Italian Communist Party, pp. 283-4, 290.

17. k-26, 257. The KGB files noted by Mitrokhin do not record what use was made of its intelligence on Berlinguer’s allegedly dubious building contracts.

18. k-26, 264.

19. k-26, 256. Mitrokhin gives no details of payments after 1976.

20. k-26, 259, 261. In 1998 a receipt by Cappelloni, dated June 27, 1976, for one million dollars from the CPSU for the 1976 election campaign was published in the Italian press. “Pci, ecco le ricevute dei miliardi di Mosca,” Il Giorno (April 30, 1998).

21. The training was authorized by Politburo decision no. SG 143/8 GS of January 17, 1979. k-26,2.

22. Childs and Popplewell, The Stasi, p. 138.

23. k-26, 158.

24. Ginsborg, A History of Contemporary Italy, 1943-1988, pp. 384-5.

25. k-26, 158.

26. The PCI decision to dismantle the radio stations was reported by Kryuchkov to Ponomarev, head of the Central Committee International Department, in a communication of June 22, 1981, published in the Italian press in 1998. “Servizio segreto,” L’Avanti (May 16, 1998).

27. Urban, Moscow and the Italian Communist Party, ch. 9; Cossutta, Lo strappo; “Cossutta Sempre Più Isolato,” La Repubblica (January 2, 1982).

28. Hellman, “The Difficult Birth of the Democratic Party of the Left,” p. 81.