The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB

1. Scammell, Solzhenitsyn, p. 551.

2. vol. 10, ch. 3.

3. Labedz and Hayward (eds.), On Trial, p. 91.

4. vol. 10, ch. 3.

5. vol. 10, ch. 3. Cf. Zamoyska, “Sinyavsky, the Man and the Writer,” p. 61.

6. vol. 10, ch. 3.

7. Aucouturier, “Andrey Sinyavsky on the Eve of His Arrest,” p. 344.

8. Geli Fyoderovich Vasiliev, codenamed MIKHAILOV, had worked abroad as an illegal under the name Rudolf Steiner in Austria and Latin America. On returning to Moscow, apparently unable to stand the strain of life as an illegal, he began work in the Novosti Press Agency (k-16,446). Though the probability is that Vasilyev was the stoolpigeon placed in Sinyavsky’s cell, it is just possible that the KGB used another agent with the same codename—though there is no identifiable record of such an agent in Mitrokhin’s notes.

9. vol. 10, ch. 3.

10. vol. 10, ch. 3.

11. Mitrokhin’s notes record simply that Remizov gave his interrogators “evidence against Sinyavsky.” At the trial this evidence included an admission that he had delivered one of Sinyavsky’s manuscripts to Hélène Zamoyska. Labedz and Hayward (eds.), On Trial, p. 153.

12. vol. 10, ch. 3.

13. Labedz and Hayward (eds.), On Trial, p. 306.

14. Labedz and Hayward (eds.), On Trial, pp. 196, 198, 209.

15. Asked if he had sent his manuscripts abroad “illegally,” Sinyavsky replied, “No, unofficially.” Sending manuscripts abroad was not illegal. But in his final address, the state prosecutor again claimed—inaccurately—that the defendants had sent their manuscripts to the West “illegally.” Labedz and Hayward (eds.), On Trial, pp. 185, 308.

16. Labedz and Hayward (eds.), On Trial, pp. 253-4.

17. vol. 10, ch. 3; vol. 7, nzch. TANOV later took part in PROGRESS operations in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, using Austrian and forged Canadian passports, and carried out other intelligence assignments in Pakistan, India, France, the Lebanon, Syria, Kuwait and Spain. In 1982 he was recalled to Moscow on the grounds that he was producing little intelligence and had greatly overspent his budget (vol. 3, pakapp. 3).

18. Scammell, Solzhenitsyn, pp. 614-16.

19. vol. 10, ch. 3.

20. k-27,370

21. Scammell (ed.), The Solzhenitsyn Files, pp. xxv, 7, 41. This important collection of documents on “the Solzhenitsyn case,” declassified by order of President Yeltsin in 1992, includes a number of KGB reports to the Central Committee and Politburo but not the KGB operational files to which Mitrokhin had access.

22. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 487-8.

23. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 492.

24. Scammell (ed.), The Solzhenitsyn Files, pp. 138-41.

25. Scammell (ed.), The Solzhenitsyn Files, pp. xxix, 161-3.

26. Andropov instituted judicial proceedings against Shchelokov in December 1982, only a month after Brezhnev’s death. Two years later, before his case had come to trial, Shchelokov committed suicide. Volkogonov, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire, pp. 330, 348.

27. Scammell (ed.), The Solzhenitsyn Files, pp. 194-210.

28. Scammell, Solzhenitsyn, p. 615.

29. k-21,30.

30. k-21,17; vol. 6, ch. 5, part 4. The spelling of Boucaut in the Roman alphabet is uncertain; it appears in Cyrillic transliteration as “Buko.” Mitrokhin’s notes do not identify Nikashin’s first name and patronymic.

31. k-21,114.

32. Sakharov, Memoirs, pp. 359, 369-70; Grigorenko, Memoirs, pp. 387-8.

33. Article by G. Kizlych and P. Aleksandrov on the Yakir and Krasin cases in the classified in-house quarterly, KGB Sbornik, no. 73; k-25,124.

34. vol. 10, ch. 5.

35. Protocols of Krasin’s interrogation; vol. 10, ch. 5.

36. On Savinkov, see above, chapter 2.

37. Article by G. Kizlych and P. Aleksandrov on the Yakir and Krasin cases in the classified in-house quarterly, KGB Sbornik, no. 73; k-25,124.

38. vol. 10, ch. 5.

39. Scammell, Solzhenitsyn, p. 807; Solzhenitsyn, The Oak and the Calf, p. 522.

40. Grigorenko, Memoirs, p. 388.

41. Article by G. Kizlych and P. Aleksandrov on the Yakir and Krasin cases in the classified in-house quarterly, KGB Sbornik, no. 73; k-25,124.

42. Sakharov, Sakharov Speaks, pp. 212-15.

43. Scammell (ed.), The Solzhenitsyn Files, pp. 256-74, 340-6, 350-3.

44. Solzhenitsyn describes his forced departure from Russia in The Oak and the Calf, pp. 383-453.

45. k-21,123.