The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB

56. It is impossible, however, to rule out the possibility, that Fonchenkov had become genuinely sympathetic towards Yakunin. Mitrokhin’s notes on his career as agent DRUG are limited to the 1970s.

57. Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church, pp. 439-41.

58. Lefever, Nairobi to Vancouver, pp. 3-5, 67-70, 73, 75, appendix A.

59. Andrew and Gordievsky (eds.), Instructions from the Centre, p. 20.

60. Kalugin, Spymaster, p. 197.

61. vol. 6, ch. 10, n. 1.

62. Mitrokhin’s notes on the file of agent VORONOV, for example, record that during his period in New York State in the late 1970s and early 1980s, he “was tasked to identify among his parishioners people who had a progressive and sympathetic view of the USSR—government workers, political party [members], union members, workers at scientific research institutes, diplomatic personnel, immigration officials, clergymen and church employees who were involved in the registration of births, marriages, and deaths [for assistance in the documentation of illegals] and agents of Zionist and anti-Soviet organizations” (vol. 6, app. 2, part 4).

63. Kalugin, Spymaster, p. 197.

64. vol. 6, app. 2, part 4

65. vol. 6, app. 2, part 4.

66. vol. 8, ch. 6, paras. 16-17.

67. vol. 8, app. 3, para. 20.

68. Albats, The State within a State, p. 46. Confirmation of DROZDOV’s identity was provided by the release early in 1999 of a 1958 report on his recruitment, allegedly on “patriotic” grounds, by the Estonian KGB. Though the report refers to the agent only by his codename, his year of birth and career details are identical with those of Aleksi. James Meek, “Russian Patriarch ‘was KGB spy,’” Guardian (February 12, 1999).

69. “Metropolitan Aleksiy’s Speech at the Founding Conference of the ‘Rodina’ Society,” Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate (1976), no. 2.

70. Albats, The State within a State, p. 46.

71. Bociurkiw, “Suppression de l’Église gréco-catholique ukrainienne;” Pelikan, Confessor between East and West, ch. 8; Floridi, “The Church of the Martyrs and the Ukrainian Millennium,” pp. 107-11; Tataryn, “The Re-emergence of the Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church in the USSR,” pp. 292-4.

72. k-1, 246.

73. The intelligence agencies of the USSR, Bulgaria, the GDR, Hungary, Poland and Romania were represented by heads and deputy heads of directorates (k-1, 106).

74. k-1, 106. Mitrokhin’s notes do not make clear which, if any, of the KGB representatives at the conference came from the FCD.

75. Though seeking confirmation of the report, the Centre took the alleged Vatican conspiracy seriously and drew up plans for a press exposé of it, if further details could be obtained (k-1, 2).

76. k-1, 71.

77. Babris, Silent Churches, pp. 149-50.

78. APOSTOL, RASS and SLUGA are not identified in Mitrokhin’s notes (k-1, 2).

79. k-1, 3, 110. It is unclear whether the PETROV who studied at the Russicum was the cleric with the same codename later sent to North America.

80. k-1, 81-2, 109. ANTANAS arrived in Rome in January 1968; Mitrokhin does not record the date of arrival of VIDMANTAS.

81. k-1, 83-4. A KGB file also records that in October 1969 DAKTARAS visited Rome to attend “a gathering of bishops” (k-1, 2).

82. k-1, 2. Dudás appears in KGB files, in Cyrillic transliteration, as Dudast.

83. k-1, 2.

84. k-1, 133.

85. k-1, 133.

86. k-1, 36, k-5, 11, k-19, 82.

87. Unlike the similar 1967 conference, the 1975 conference was attended by the Cubans. On this occasion, however, there was no delegation from Romania. k-1, 13.

88. k-1, 13.

89. k-1, 246.

90. Borecky, Bishop Isidore, “The Church in Ukraine-1988;” Tataryn, “The Re-emergence of the Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church in the USSR;” Polyakov, “Activities of the Moscow Patriarchate in 1991,” p. 152.

91. k-1, 146. The KGB estimate may have been too low. Published estimates for 1990, admittedly at a time when active persecution had almost ceased, were significantly higher; see Ramet (ed.), Religious Policy in the Soviet Union, pp. 355-6.

92. k-1, 73.

93. k-1, 146.

94. Ellis (ed.), Three Generations of Suffering; Bourdeaux, Gorbachev, Glasnost the Gospel, p. 121.

95. k-1, 214.

96. Penton, Apocalypse Delayed.

97. k-1, 241.

98. Recollections of one of the deportees, Vasili Kalin, cited by James Meek, “Cult-busters Fight ‘Sins of False Witness,’” Guardian (February 12, 1999).

99. k-1, 91.