Tolstoy

7. S. A. Tolstaya, Pis’ma k L. N. Tolstomu, 1862–1910, Moscow, 1936, 179.

8. Gusev 4, 125.

9. N. A. Kalinina et al., Perepiska L. N. Tolstogo s sestroi i brat’yami, Moscow, 1990, 377.

10. Gusev 4, 126.

11. Leonid Kavelin, Istoricheskoe opisanie Korennoi Rozhdestvo-Bogoroditskoi Pustyni, Moscow, 1876.

12. David Jackson, The Wanderers and Critical Realism in Nineteenth-Century Russian Painting, Manchester, 2006, 44.

13. The Autobiography of Countess Sophie Tolstoi, preface and notes by Vasilii Spiridonov, tr. S. S. Koteliansky and Leonard Woolf, Richmond, 1922, 50.

14. ‘Shlissel’burgskaya krepost’’, 12 (1880), ‘Znachenie sektantstva v russkoi narodnoi zhizni’, 1 (1881), ‘Raskol i ego issledovateli’, 2 (1881), ‘Alchuchshie i zhazhdushchie pravdy’, 10, 12 (1881), 1 (1882).

15. Gusev 4, 155.

16. Gusev 4, 171.

17. Gusev 4, 159–160.

18. N. Nikitina, Sof ’ya Tolstaya, Moscow, 2010, 126.

19. Gusev 4, 150.

20. Gusev 4, 165.

21. JE 83, 378.

22. JE 83, 384.

23. JE 83, 382.

24. Gusev 4, 172.

25. Gusev 4, 173.

26. N. N. Gusev, Letopis’ zhizni L. N. Tolstogo, 1828–1890, Moscow, 1958 [Letopis’ 1], 559–560.

27. See Letopis’ 1, 566, for example.

28. Gusev 4, 207–208.

29. Gusev 4, 209.

30. Gusev 4, 217.

31. Gusev 4, 156.

32. Gusev 4, 217. Prince Leonid Urusov is not to be confused with Tolstoy’s other friend Prince Sergey Urusov.

33. Gusev 4, 218.

34. Gusev 4, 217.

35. JE 63, 124.

36. Georgy Orekhanov, V. G. Chertkov v zhizni L. N. Tolstogo, Moscow, 2009, 17.

37. Orekhanov, V. G. Chertkov v zhizni Tolstogo, 25–27.

38. Alexander Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia: The Partnership of Leo Tolstoy and Vladimir Chertkov, Lanham, Md, 1989, 44.

39. Orekhanov, V. G. Chertkov v zhizni Tolstogo, 26. Orekhanov claims that Chertkov met the ‘pastor John Kenworthy’, who was ‘sympathetic to Tolstoy’s views’ during this period, but this is unlikely as Kenworthy (see ch. 12) was only sixteen in 1879.

40. Gusev 4, 224.

41. Orekhanov, V. G. Chertkov v zhizni Tolstogo, 25–26.

42. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 47.

43. Orekhanov, V. G. Chertkov v zhizni Tolstogo, 31.

44. Letter to S. A. Tolstaya, 29 January 1884; Letopis’ 1, 8, 570.

45. Peter Brang, Ein Unbekanntes Russland: Kulturgeshichte vegetarischer Lebensweisen von den Anfängen biz zur Gegenwart, Cologne, 2002, 151–152.

46. Gusev 4, 249.

47. Gusev 4, 254.

48. Gusev 4, 256.

49. L. N. Tolstoy, V chem moya vera, in JE 23, 304–465.

50. N. Berdyaev, ‘Vetkhii i Novyi Zavet v religioznom soznanii L. Tolstogo’, O religii L’va Tolstogo, Moscow, 1912, reprinted in Russkie mysliteli o L’ve Tolstom, ed. V. I. Tolstoi, Tula, 2002, 366.

51. JE 63, 242. See also Henry Gifford, Tolstoy, Oxford, 1982, 46.

52. M. Arnold, ‘Count Leo Tolstoi’, Fortnightly Review, 48 (1887), 783–99, reprinted in Tolstoi and Britain, ed. W. Gareth Jones, Oxford, 1995, 105–124.

53. Gusev 4, 228.

54. JE 23, 368.

55. Gusev 4, 262–263.

56. Gusev 4, 270. Sonya omitted the latter, and most critical, part of this letter when quoting it later in her autobiography.

57. Gusev 4, 323.

58. Gusev 4, 325.

59. Gusev 4, 331.

60. Gusev 4, 333–334.

61. Letopis’ 1, 583.

62. Vladimir Zhdanov, Lyubov’ v zhizni L. N. Tolstogo (1928), Moscow, 2005, 243.

63. Gusev 4, 334.

64. Gusev 4, 337–338.

65. S. A. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Novy mir, 8 (1978), 62.

66. Tolstaya, Pis’ma, 158, 199.

67. Gusev 4, 351.

68. T. L. Sukhotina-Tolstaya, Dnevnik, ed. T. Volkova, Moscow, 1984, 10.

69. JE 83, 433, 437, 441, 446.

70. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 50.

71. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 52–53.

72. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 63.

73. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 57.

74. Letopis’ 1, 601.

75. ‘How Much Land Does a Man Need?’, for example, was published in Russian Wealth in April 1886.

76. Gusev 4, 419.

77. Tolstaya, Pis’ma, 297.

78. Letopis’ 1, 619.

79. Letopis’ 1, 646, 670, 723.

80. Tolstoy, What Then Must We Do?, tr. Aylmer Maude, Oxford, 1935.