Wiki-Grammar of Lidepla

Examples: jen (human), arda (earth), flor (flower), animal (animal).

1.1 Number

a) The basic form of a noun doesn't convey the number:

- jen – a human / many humans

- un (one) jen – a human

- dwa (two) jen – two humans

- mucho (many) jen – many humans

- jenes – humans

b) plural form (the stressed vowel doesn't change):

if the word ends with a vowel: + s: un kitaba (a book) – kitabas, un tabla (a table) – tablas

if the word ends with a consnant: + es: un flor (a flower) – flores, un animal (an animal) – animales

1.2. Case:

a) There are no special case forms.

b) The change of the word order is indicated by the particle den:

- Den sey (this) flor (flower) me (I) pri (to like). – I like this flower.

- den dom (house) sobre (above) – above the house

c) Nominative marker is da (used only when necessary):

- Mata (mother) samaji (to understand) me (I) sam (same) hao (good, well) kom (as) da yu (you). – Mother understands me as well as you do.

- Mata (mother) samaji (to understand) me (I) sam (same) hao (good, well) kom (as) den yu (you). – Mother understands me as well as you.

1.3. Gender:

a) Nouns don't belong to any gender: amiga – friend (male or female)

b) One can specify the sex of a human by:

particles man- and gin-

- leker (doctor) – man-leker (male-doctor) – gin-leker (female doctor)

- kota (cat) – man-kota (male-cat) – gin-kota (female-cat)

changing "a" with -o and -ina:

- amiga (friend) – amigo (male friend) – amigina (female friend)

c) Some nouns imply the sex of the human:

- man (man) – gina (woman)

- boy (boy) – gela (girl)

- patra (father) – mata (mother)

- son (son) – docha (daughter)

- opa (grandfather) – oma (grandmother)

- brata (brother) – sista (sister)

- onkla (uncle) – tia (aunt)

1.4. Apposition may be marked with to (from "to es" – that is):

- Me (I) to kitabnik (book lover) lekti (to read) mucho (much). – I, being a book lover, read a lot.

- Molya (wife) gro-lubi (to adore) suy (her) mursha (husband) to soldata (soldier). – The wife adores her husband who is a soldier.

1.5. There is no article (numeral "un" (one) and demonstrative pronouns like "sey" (this) are used instead, when necessary).

2. Pronouns that function like nouns

2.1. Personal:

a) me (I), nu (we), yu (you), ta (he / she), li (they)

- Nu (we) vidi (to see) li (they). – We see them.

- Me (I) dumi (to think) om (about) yu (you). – I'm thinking about you.

b) lu (he), ela (she), it (it), yu oli (you all), oni (one), ambi (both)

- Oni (one) shwo (to say) ke ("that")... – One says that...

- Es (is) kitaba (book). Me (I) pren (to take) it (it). – This is a book. I take it.

- Me (I) hev (to have) dwa (two) kota (cat). Ambi (both) es (is / are) swate (black). – I have two cats. They both are black.

2.2. Reflexive: swa (oneself), mutu (one another)

- Me (I) woshi (to wash) swa (oneself). – I wash myself.

- Ela (she) lubi (to love) swa (oneself). – She loves herself.

- Nu (we) lubi (to love) mutu (one another). – We love one another.

2.3. Compound:

a) koywan (somebody), koysa (something)

b) eniwan (anybody), enisa (anything)

c) kadawan (everybody), oli (all, everybody), olo (all, everything)

d) nulwan (nobody), nixa (nothing)

2.4. Demonstrative: se (this), to (that)

- Se (this) es (is) auto (car), to (that) es (is) avion (airplane). – This is a car, that is an airplane.

2.5. Relative:

a) ke ("that" – object)

- Es (is) kitaba (book) ke ("that") yu (you) he ("past tense") lekti (to read). – This is the book that you have read.

b) kel ("who / which" – subject, or with a preposition)