bmfhjdkiipT, j.k. pXFkimfpbipT hpXhjdkiiphjn ìpYn`n nZ jkQ, _jp d
pbipVmhWk hjmc `nccnpikfp`, _jp afnQdmjnZnfpdmc Bj^ hpXhjdki-
iphjW dpfpdh_n`, _fn`nimcWi[à^j@`. 8MkindmjWh\ dh@ X^bkj ap
dmHn` Kk Zm_pim`. 2hcn d[ dh@ hbkcmcn ap Zm_pi^, VkYp Kk jpYbm Xpn-
jkhW, Yphapbm, n ZmVkà^Ymkjk im`n imfpb? ' im` d amfjnL n _ imHn`
bka^jmjm` pXfmFmLjh\ hpjin cLbkT, _pYp pYfmXncn ap bn_n` Zm_pimàfnQdmjnZmMnn, pji\cn hpXhjdkiiphjW, ik bmd k@ afndmjnZnfpdmjW, _pYp pYfmXncn Xmi_n. 4m_nQ `mQnimjpfpd ik `mcp, imafn`kf, hfkbn
jkQ, _jp Zmn`kc \_pX[ Zm_piip dpZdfmF@ii[k nàfnimbckKmdHnk
Knc[k bp`m. 4kakfW, aphck hi\jn\ pYfminVkin\ im _dmfjacmj^, h 1 \i-
dmf\ X^b^FkYp Ypbm GmjdnL pKnbmkj `mhhpdpk d[hkckink KncWMpd nZ
jm_ imZ[dmk`[Q bkimMnpimcnZnfpdmii[Q bp`pd. 'jp ap`pKkj n _jp
pX\Zmi nàp`pVW fkHnjW KncnFi^L afpXck`^? EpZnMn\ JEG d bmi-
ip` dpafphk pbipZimVim\: Bjp pX\ZmiiphjW Yph^bmfhjdm, _pjpfpk cn-
Hncp nQ KncW\, afpdpb\ bkimMnpimcnZmMnL.
;mh – hpMnmcnhjpd – nipYbm ^afk_mLj d jp`, Vjp `[ d[hj^amk`
Zm acmipdpk dkbkink QpZ\Thjdm. -m, `[ Zm hkfW@Zipk acminfpdmink
n Vk` hcpKikk hnj^mMn\, jk` K@hjVk bpcKip X[jW Yph^bmfhjdkiipk
acminfpdmink. jp ik imHk nZpXfkjkink, m `nfpdm\ afm_jn_m. 4m_,
aphck `nfpdpYp _fnZnhm 1929-1933 Ypbpd XpcWHnihjdp hjfmi (m ik
jpcW_p JJJ0) nZXfmcn acminfpdmink. E\jnckjink acmi[ hphjmd-
c\cn fmiMn\, J6, kf`min\ n bf. @hj_p fkY^cnfpdmcmhW ik
jpcW_p B_pip`n_m, ip n hpMnmcWim\ h=kfm. pcWHnihjdp Yph^bmfhjd
d fmZipT hjkakin Bjp bkcmLj n hkYpbi\.
njkcn Gmjdnn jm_ n ik ^dnbkcn n ik pF^jncn _pi_fkji[k `kf[
afmdnjkcWhjdm Gmjdnn ap XpfWXk h ni=c\MnkT. JimVmcm Bjn acmi[
X[cn V^jW cn ik hk_fkji[`n, apjp` p inQ akfkhjmcn bmKk dhap`n-
imjW, m ni=c\Mn\ fmhj@j. Gmjdn\ ik akfdm\ nZ Yph^bmfhjd, _jp hjmc-
X J 2- JEG 17
_ndmkjh\ h ni=c\MnkT. ;mafn`kf, d 1923 Ypb^ d kf`minn =mijm-
hjnVkh_n d[fphcn Mki[. 4pcW_p d bk_mXfk jpYp Ypbm Mki[ dZckjkcn
im 35 j[h\V afpMkijpd. «D Bjpj `p`kij, - anH^j mdjpf[ _inYn
«-kiWYn, Xmi_pdh_nk bkcm n bkikKip-_fkbnjim\ hnhjk`m» bdni -K.
-pcmi, 'pcni -. 'BàXkcc n 0pZ`mfn -K. 'BàXkcc, - X[cn afndk-
bki[ d bkThjdnk _fmTik fkZ_nk `kf[ mb`ninhjfmjndip-apcnjnVk-
h_pYp Qmfm_jkfm, _pjpf[k d_cLVmcn d hkX\: ^hjmipdckink afkbkcpd
im fphj Mki, ^dkcnVkink imcpYpd n hp_fmFkink Yph^bmfhjdkii[Q
fmhQpbpd» (h.305) 2hjW n bf^Ynk afn`kf[ XpfWX[ h ni=c\MnkT, im-
afn`kf d hkfkbnik hk`nbkh\j[Q Ypbpd afpHcpYp hjpckjn\ d 6fYki-
jnik, fmZncnn, apZKk d pcndnn. EfmdnjkcWhjdp Gmjdnn bmKk ik
ap`[Hc\kj fkY^cnfpdmjW Mki[, `ki\jW imcpYpd^L hnhjk`^, hp_fm-
FmjW Yph^bmfhjdkii[k fmhQpb[. Dh@, Vjp im Bjpj hV@j afkbcmYmcm d
afpHcp` hphjmdk JkT`m bka^jmjh_m\ =fm_Mn\ hpMnmcnhjpd, d_cL-
Vm\ Zm_pi pX B_pip`nVkh_p` _fnZnhk, bka^jmj[ afmd\FkYp XpcWHni-
hjdm pjdkfYmcn.
6 dkbW khjW Vjp fkY^cnfpdmjW n Ybk nZ[`mjW bkiWYn. ;mafn`kf,
f[ip_ ikbdnKn`phjn. GLbn pXphipdmiip ZmbmLj imHn` bka^jmjm`
dpafph: apVk`^ h imh – akihnpikfpd – Xkf^j imcpYn, m im f[i_k ik-
bdnKn`phjn ìpYnk fmXpjmLj h fkijmXkcWiphjWL pj 500 – 700 afp-
Mkijpd? '^bm d[ h`pjfnjk? EpVk`^ BjpYp ik dnbnj afmdnjkcWhjdp?
;mHn bka^jmj[ JkT`m G0 d`khjk h _pcckYm`n nZ «kijfm hpYcm-
hn\» X^b^j n dafkbW afkbcmYmjW `kf[ ap pZbpfpdckinL B_pip`n_n
Gmjdnn, ddkbkinL nZ`kikinT d imcpYpdpT hnhjk`k; Zm_pi pX pjZ[dk
bka^jmjpd, ik d[apci\LFnQ afkbd[Xpfi[k pXkFmin\, imQpb\hW ^
dcmhjn; nZ`kikinL d[XpfipT hnhjk`[ n ìpYpk bf^Ypk. ;mbkLhW,
nZXnfmjkcn X^b^j din`mjkcWip hckbnjW Zm afpQpKbkink` dhkQ BjnQ
afkbcpKkinT n Zmap`nimjW jkQ, _jp ik apbbkfKnj imh.
D Gmjdnn khjW apcnjn_n, _pjpf[k, bk`pihjfnf^\ hdpL apcnjnVk-
h_^L XkZYfm`pjiphjW n afn_f[dm\ hdpL ikhaphpXiphjW phjmipdnjW
pXinFmink imfpbm Gmjdnn, a^YmLj kYp, imhjfmndmLj afpjnd imh –
hpMnmcnhjpd, pXdni\\ imh d jp`, Vjp `[ afnZ[dmk` _ fkdpcLMnn.
phapbm, ncn apbmdmTjk im imh d h^b, ncn afk_fmjnjk XkhapVdkii[k
pXdnikin\. -m X^bkj dm` nZdkhjip, Vjp fkdpcLMnn ik pX%\dc\Lj n
_ inìk afnZ[dmLj. Jnj^mMnL bc\ hpMnmcWi[Q fkdpcLMnT hpZbmLj
afmd\Fnk X^fK^mZi[k fkKn`[, m ik fmXpVnk n ik paapZnMnpii[k
apcnjnVkh_nk amfjnn. 4m_ Vjp, khcn _p`^-jp `kfkFnjh\ fkdpcLMn\,
pYc\injkhW im hkX\, akfkhjmiWjk YfmXnjW n pX`mi[dmjW hdpT imfpb.
2hjW kF@ pbip \dckink, p _pjpfpìkcWZ\ `pcVmjW – Bjp fmhj^Fnk
d Gmjdnn afp=mHnhjh_nk afp\dckin\. Jnhjk`mjnVkh_n afpnhQpb\-
18 JEG: +J480+ D -8'!2;46#
Fnk ph_dkfikin\ am`\jin_pd n ZmQpfpikinT dpnipd 'fmhipT 6f`nn;
ap\dckink im afncmd_mQ `mYmZnipd _inY pX 6bpcW=k njckfk, mdjpf[
_pjpf[Q nF^j pafmdbmink =Lfkf^ n =mHnZ`^; dpZdkbkink am`\jin-
_pd dp\_m` Waffen SS Zm hV@j hfkbhjd Yph^bmfhjdm; nZbmink _fmhpV-
i[Q =pjpmcWXp`pd, aphd\F@ii[Q «YkfpnZ`^» cmj[Hh_nQ ckYnpikfpd
SS; pj_mZ p=nMnmcWi[Q cnM Yph^bmfhjdm afmZbipdmjW -kiW EpXkb[
imb Ynjckfpdh_pT kf`minkT d 1945 Ypb^; apa[j_n akfkanhmjW nhjp-
fnL n akfkh`pjfkjW njpYn DjpfpT `nfpdpT dpTi[, pj_mZ JkT`m G0
afni\jW Zm_pi p hjmj^hk XpfMm mijnYnjckfpdh_pT _pmcnMnn – dh@ Bjp
ik hc^VmTi[k n ik XkZpXnbi[k \dckin\. 8in imafmdcki[ im pXkck-
ink n pafmdbmink Ynjckfpdh_pYp imMnZ`m n d akfd^L pVkfkbW d Ycm-