XcnKmLjh\ _ 10 j[h\Vm` cmjpd. ;k_pjpf[k akfdnVi[k pfYminZmMnn
`kh\Mm`n ik fmhhVnj[dmLjh\ Zm apc^Vkii[k YmZkj[. +hapcinjkcW-
i[k fkbm_jpfm n pX%kbni@iim\ fkb_pcckYn\ YmZkj ik h`pYcn hamhjn
YmZkj[ pj BjpT akVmcWipT ^Vmhjn. ;mHm ZmbmVm jkakfW Zm_cLVmkjh\
d jp`, VjpX[ p bkcmQ amfjnn fmhh_mZ[dmjW d +ijkfikjk, im fkYnp-
imcWip` _p``kfVkh_p` jkckdnbkinn n fmbnp, jm_ _m_ Yph^bmfhjdki-
i[k dkFmjkcWi[k _mimc[ imìkbphj^ai[. pcWHk hdpn
dpZ`pKiphjn pXFkin\ hp hfkbhjdm`n `mhhpdpT ni=pf`mMnn
bpcKi[ nhapcWZpdmjW imHn bka^jmj[.
4fkjW\. ;mbp hm`p_fnjnVip afnZimjW, Vjp VmhjW Vckipd
EpcnjnVkh _pYp hpdkjm amfjnn ik d[apcincn hdpn ZmbmVn ap hpZbm-
inL akfdnVi[Q pfYminZmMnT n afpdkbkinL apdhkbikdipT fmXpj[
d `mhhmQ, p_mZminL ap`pFn akfdnVi[` pfYminZmMn\`. ;k_pjpf[k
dppXFk ik ap\dc\cnhW d Zm_fkac@ii[Q fmTpimQ bmKk dp dfk`\
afkbd[XpfipT _màminn. 2hcn afkbhkbmjkcW amfjnn jpcW_p dp
dfk`\ afkbd[XpfipT _màminn afpd@c 44 dhjfkVn h imhkckink`
dp dhkQ fkYnpimQ Gmjdnn, bkh\j_n dhjfkV afpdkcn ìpYnk Vcki[
Lfp n Vcki[ Epcnjhpdkjm – _mibnbmj[ d bka^jmj[, jp VmhjW Vck-
ipd EpcnjnVkh_pYp hpdkjm amfjnn dkcn hkX\ _m_ apV@ji[k Vcki[
Epcnjhpdkjm n inVkYp ik bkcmcn. 'm_ nZdkhjip, d hjmdk amfjnn in-
_m_nQ apV@ji[Q Vckipd n bpcKiphjkT ik afkb^h`pjfkip. +Z BjpYp
hckb^kj d[dpb p ikpXQpbn`phjn pXipdnjW hphjmd EpcnjnVkh_pYp
hpdkjm amfjnn: nZXfmjW d `kiWHk` _pcnVkhjdk, ip haphpXi[Q _
XpcWHkT hm`ppjbmVk.
+Z h_mZmiipYp d[jk_mkj imHm Ycmdim\ ZmbmVm im afkbhjp\FnT
akfnpb: ikpXQpbn`p hphfkbpjpVnjW ^hncn\ amfjnn im dpafphmQ
X J 2- JEG 21
amfjnTipYp hjfpnjkcWhjdm. 4pcW_p jm_ `[ h`pKk` ^hncnjW hdp@
dcn\ink d `mhhmQ n, hckbpdmjkcWip, apc^VmjW Xpckk Hnfp_^L apb-
bkfK_^ nZXnfmjkckT im cLX[Q d[XpfmQ. Ep-afkKik`^ phjmLjh\ d
hnck ^hjmipd_n VIII n IX h%kZbpd amfjnn d pXcmhjn amfjnTipYp
hjfpnjkcWhjdm:
1. JpZbmink akfdnVi[Q pfYminZmMnT dp dhkQ fmTpimQ n _f^ai[Q
YpfpbmQ fkha^Xcn_n
2. 8XkhakVkink fphjm f\bpd amfjnn ap afniMna^ «1 + 1», jp khjW
_mKb[T Vcki amfjnn d akfnpb `kKb^ h%kZbm`n pXkhakVndmkj apbYp-
jpd_^ n afn@` d amfjnL ik `kikk pbipYp Vkcpdk_m.
;mìkpXQpbn`p hkfW@Zip afpmimcnZnfpdmjW n, dpZ`pKip, pXpX-
FnjW im afkbhjp\FkT VkfkZ Ypb amfjnTipT _pi=kfkiMnn dpafph p
imHkìkbphjmjpVip` dcn\inn d fmXpVkT hfkbk. !mhhpdm\ Xkhamf-
jnTiphjW fmXpVnQ, nQ ^bmc@iiphjW pj XpfWX[ Zm hdpn afmdm n hdp-
Xpb[ im f^_^ cnHW _cmhh^ hpXhjdkiin_pd, _pjpf[k B_hac^mjnf^Lj
fmXpVnQ n Zm hV@j afnhdpkin\ hpZbmiipT fmXpVn`n afnXmdpVipT
hjpn`phjn XpYmjkLj, m fmXpVnk inFmLj. 6imcnZ hnj^mMnn d fkha^X-
cn_k afndpbnj _ d[dpb^ p jp`, Vjp ^ fmXpVnQ ikj hdpkT amfjnn. Jp-
Mnmc-bk`p_fmjnVkh_m\ fmXpVm\ amfjn\ Gmjdnn, Qpj\ n iphnj d
imZdminn hcpdp «fmXpVm\», amfjnkT fmXpVnQ ik hjmcm. jp hckb^kj
nZ jpYp, Vjp ^Kk djpf[k d[Xpf[ d JkT` GmjdnTh_m\ hpMnmc-bk`p-
_fmjnVkh_m\ fmXpVm\ amfjn\ ik afkpbpckdmkj 5-afpMkiji[T XmfWkf.
2hcn X[ k@ apbbkfKndmcn fmXpVnk, afkpbpckink 5-afpMkijipYp
XmfWkfm ik X[cp X[ afpXck`pT. ;k `pKkàpQdmhjmjWh\ hkfW@ZipT
apbbkfK_pT fmXpVnQ n _fkhjW\i n `[ – hpMnmcnhj[. 0mXpVnk n
_fkhjW\ik hkYpbi\ Ypcph^Lj Zm amfjnn dcmhjn n ^bndc\Ljh\, Vjp nQ
afpXck`[, nZXfmiim\ n`n dcmhjW, ik fkHmkj. 8im n ik X^bkj nQ fk-
HmjW. ;mQpb\Fnkh\ ^ dcmhjn cnXkfmcWip-imMnpimcnhjnVkh_nk n
_ckfn_mcWi[k amfjnn Gmjdnn hpZbmi[ ik bc\ ZmFnj[ nijkfkhpd fm-
XpVnQ, m bc\ nQ B_hac^mjmMnn d ^Ypb^ nijkfkhm` _manjmcm.
JpMnmcnhjnVkh_m\ amfjn\ Gmjdnn, X^b^Vn amfjnkT mdmiYmfbm, pj-
hjmndmkj imnXpckk pXFnk _cmhhpd[k nijkfkh[ Vkcpdk_m jf^bm.
;mHm ZmbmVm – d[dkhjn im apcnjnVkh_^L hMki^ ipd[k hpMnmcWi[k
hcpn, hpZfkdHnk d Qpbk jkQipcpYnVkh_pT (ni=pf`mMnpiipT) fkdp-
cLMnn. JEG ap hdpk`^ imZimVkinL pX\Zmim pX%kbninjW im XpfWX^
Zm hdpn nijkfkh[ dhkQ fmXpjin_pd im@ìpYp jf^bm. jp pVkiW ik-
afphjm\ ZmbmVm, ip `[ pX\Zmi[ aphjp\iip hjfk`njWh\ _ k@ fkHk-
inL. JkYpbi\ imHm amfjn\ ap hdpk`^ hphjmd^ bmck_m pj amfjnn
mdmiYmfbm. ;p `[ n`kk` V@j_^L apcnjnVkh_^L afpYfm``^ amfjnn
mdmiYmfbm, _pjpf^L pX\Zmi[ afkjdpf\jW d KnZiW.
22 JEG: +J480+ D -8'!2;46#
pdpf\ p amfjnTip` hjfpnjkcWhjdk im afkbhjp\FnT akfnpb, imìkpXQpbn`p d imhj^amLFk` Ypb^ fkHmjW kF@ pbi^ ZmbmV^. D hd\Zn hp dhj^ackink` d hnc^ h 1 \idmf\ 2007 Ypbm ipdpYp Zm_pim p apcnjnVkh_nQ amfjn\Q, ikpXQpbn`p dikhjn ìpYnk nZ`kikin\ d bkThjd^L-
FnT hjmd JEG. ;m akfkfmXpj_^ bp_^`kijpd n mbmajmMnL nQ _
ipdp`^ Zm_pi^ p apcnjnVkh_nQ amfjn\Q, im akfkfkYnhjfmMnL hjmdm
n amfjnn Zm_pi pjdpbnj pbni Ypb – bp 31 bk_mXf\ 2007 Ypbm.
;pd[T Zm_pi p apcnjnVkh_nQ amfjn\Q, dik dh\_pYp hpìkin\, im-
Mkcki im h^Kkink bk`p_fmjnn, pYfminVkink afmd amfjnT n ^hjfmik-
ink h apcnjnVkh_pT mfki[ `mcpVnhckii[Q amfjnT. 8X Bjp`
hdnbkjkcWhjd^Lj ipf`[ Zm_pim pX ^in=n_mMnn ^hjmdpd n f^_pdpb\-
FnQ pfYmipd apcnjnVkh_nQ amfjnT, kKkYpbipT pjV@jiphjn amfjnT p
Vnhckiip` hphjmdk n YfmKbmihjdk Vckipd amfjnn, ipd[k ^hcpdn\
phjmipd_n n afk_fmFkin\ bk\jkcWiphjn amfjnn.
EpcmYmk`, Vjp X[cp X[ afmdncWip hkYpbi\ im h%kZbk afni\jW fk-