Английский для экономистов (учебник английского языка)

Ex. 7.  Give the synonyms to the following words. Make up your own sentences to show the shades in their meaning.

To handle, to accomplish, goal, benefit, coerce, to achieve, to purchase, output, affect, to establish, to enhance, power.

Ex. 8.Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the economic and business terms.

1. Business is the production, buying, and selling of goods and services.

2. A business, company, or firm is an organization that sells goods or services.

3. A business is also may be referred to as an enterprise to emphasize its adventurous, risk-taking qualities, and business in general may be referred to as free enterprise and private enterprise.

4. Large companies are referred to as corporations, especially in the US.

5. Large companies operating in many countries are multinationals.

6. An entrepreneur is usually someone who builds up a company from nothing: a start-up company.

7. The people legally responsible for a company are its board or board of directors.

8. When a private company is bought by the state and brought into the public sector, it is nationalized.

9. When the state returns a company to the private sector in a sell-off, it is privatized.

10. A holding or holding company is one that holds stakes in one or more subsidiaries.

11. A holding company’s relationship to its subsidiaries is that of parent company.

What words and word combinations from ex. 8. do you consider to be economic and business terms? Explain what they mean.

Ex. 9.Translate the following text in written form.

The Interdependence of Society and Organizations

Modern societies have been called organizational. Unlike so-called prim–itive societies, modern ones produce most of their goods and services through special-purpose organizations that are, in the main, neither famil–ial nor tribal. Some of the organizations of a modern society are meant to earn a profit and some are «not-for-profit».

The organizational mode of conducting society's affairs means that virtually everyone in modern societies depends mightily upon how well organizations function. We look to them for goods and services of ade–quate quantity, quality, and a low enough price. We look to them for jobs to earn the money to buy what we need. We depend upon them for decent and healthful environments on and off the job.

In turn, organizations depend upon the contributed talent and effort of people who work in them. Every organization must obtain these con–tributions and other resources and convert them into some outputs that yield sufficient rewards to keep the organization alive and functioning. In a word, the relationship of society and organizations is one of interdependence. But what kind of interdependence?

Managerialism ( the ideological principle on which the economic, social and political order of advanced industrialized societies is actually based) proclaims that the society is made up of organizations, corporations, associations, and so forth – not individuals. Social decisions are a consequence of the interactions of the managers of the social units – not the will of the people, the demands of consumers, or the needs of workers.

1. Do you share the point of view of the author of the text?

LET’S READ AND TALK

1. Why do people try to «organize» themselves?

2. What formal and informal organizations do you know?

3. “Informal groups develop in order to meet a variety of individual needs which are not met by the formal organization.” Do you share this opinion?

TEXT 1

Read the text. Define the main idea of each paragraph. What are the key sentence(s) of each paragraph?

ORGANIZATION

Early in human existence people learned that their individual efforts often fell short of success. They found that they were unable to accomplish many tasks that require more than individual effort. The result was that only limited goals could be attained. Therefore the necessity of group activity was discovered relatively early in human existence.

Group activity could be aimed at some higher, more complex set of goals and could thus bring greater benefits to all concerned. This quality of group activity must be counted as one of the chief requirements for success. Cooperation is a prime element of a group of people who want to achieve more than they can acting individually. A system of group relationships built upon and fostering cooperation, then, is basically the meaning of an organization.