God's War: A New History of the Crusades

14. Fulcher of Chartres, History, pp. 88–92 (p. 90 for the number of knights).

15. For the Chanson d’Antioche, see the edition of S. Duparc-Quioc (Paris 1977–8); R. F. Cook, ‘Chanson d’Antioche’, chanson de geste: le cycle de la croisade est-il épique? (Amsterdam 1980); for other stories, Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 22–3; cf. the stained glass sequence on the crusade at St Denis, c.1146–7.

16. Anna Comnena, Alexiad, pp. 438–9.

17. For Bohemund’s ambitions, J. Shepard, ‘When Greek Meets Greek’; T. S. Asbridge, The Creation of the Principality of Antioch 1098–1130 (2000), pp. 15–42.

18. Raymond of Aguilers, Historia, trans. J. H. and L. L. Hill, p. 31.

19. Usamah Ibn-Munqidh, An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior in the Period of the Crusades: Memoirs of Usamah Ibn-Munqidh, trans. P. K. Hitti (reprint Princeton 1987), pp. 149–50.

20. Raymond of Aguilers, Historia, trans. J. H. and L. L. Hill, p. 35.

21. J. A. Brundage, ‘Prostitution, Miscegenation and Sexual Purity in the First Crusade’, Crusade and Settlement, ed. P. Edbury (Cardiff 1985), pp. 57–65.

22. Raymond of Aguilers, Historia, pp. 36–7; J. Richard, ‘La Confrérie de la première croisade: à propos d’un episode de la première croisade’, Etudes de civilisation médiévale: mélanges offert à E. R. Labande, ed. B. Jeannau (Poitiers 1974), pp. 617–22.

23. Hagenmeyer, Kreuzzugsbriefe, pp. 141–2, 144–6, 146–9.

24. Albert of Aachen, Historia, p. 435; France, Victory, pp. 209–20 and refs.

25. Hill, Gesta Francorum, pp. 34–5; Raymond of Aguilers, Historia, trans. J. H. and L. L. Hill, p. 37; cf. Shepard, ‘Greek Meets Greek’.

26. Hagenmeyer, Kreuzzugsbriefe, p. 150.

27. Hagenmeyer, Kreuzzugsbriefe, p. 149; Raymond of Aguilers, Historia, trans. J. H. and L. L. Hill, p. 59; Gesta Francorum, p. 63.

28. Hill, Gesta Francorum, p. 46 and, for the author’s apparently eyewitness and certainly dramatic account of the episode, pp. 44–8.

29. The butcher may have been a shepherd, according to the thirteenth-century Ibn al-Athir, Arab Historians of the Crusades, trans. F. Gabrieli (London 1984), pp. 6–7; for other references, France, Victory, p. 267.

30. Hagenmeyer, Kreuzzugsbriefe, p. 150.

31. Orderic Vitalis, Ecclesiastical History, v, 98; vi, 18.

32. A leading figure in these events left the most detailed record: Raymond of Aguilers, Historia, trans. J. H. and L. L. Hill, pp. 51–61, but cf. Hill, Gesta Francorum, pp. 57–60, 65–6 and the letters accepting the Lance’s authenticity, of Anselm of Ribemont, July 1098, and the crusade leaders, Sept. 1098, Hagenmeyer, Kreuzzugsbriefe, pp. 159–60, 163; C. Morris, ‘Policy and Visions: the Case of the Holy Lance at Antioch’, War and Government in the Middle Ages, ed. J. Gillingham and J. C. Holt (Woodbridge 1984), pp. 33–45.

33. Dedeyan, ‘Les Colophons’, pp. 94–5.

34. Raymond of Aguilers, Historia, trans. J. H. and L. L. Hill, p. 52.

35. For Peter’s later visions, Raymond of Aguilers, Historia, trans. J. H. and L. L. Hill, pp. 66–72, 76–8, 93–103; cf. France, Victory, p. 322; Morris, ‘Policy and Visions’, pp. 42–3; Runciman, History of the Crusades, i, 273–4.

36. Raymond of Aguilers, Historia, trans. J. H. and L. L., Hill, pp. 108, 110, 122–3, 128; on relics in general, cf. pp. 111–13.

37. Fulcher of Chartres, History, p. 106; Hill, Gesta Francorum, p. 67 and Orderic Vitalis, Ecclesiastical History, v, 108 for Herluin the interpreter; France, Victory, pp. 270–96.

38. Cf. Anna Comnena, Alexiad, pp. 348–50 with Hill, Gesta Francorum, pp. 63–5, Lilie, Byzantium and the Crusader States, esp. pp. 32–60.

39. Hagenmeyer, Kreuzzugsbriefe, pp. 161–5; cf. the earlier letter from the princes April/July 1098, which lacks anti-Greek vitriol, pp. 153–5.

40. Hagenmeyer, Kreuzzugsbriefe, pp. 155–6.

41. See note 1 above and refs. for Egyptian negotiations.

42. Raymond of Aguilers, Historia, trans. J. H. and L. L. Hill, pp. 74–5 (‘peace of discord’).