God's War: A New History of the Crusades

35. H. E. Mayer, ‘Angevin versus Normans: The New Men of King Fulk of Jerusalem’, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 133 (1989), 1–25.

36. E. de Rozière (ed.), Cartulaire de l’église du Saint Sépulchre de Jérusalem, v (Paris 1849), 17, no. 15; in general, H. E. Mayer, ‘The Succession to Baldwin II of Jerusalem’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 39 (1985), 139–47.

37. William of Tyre, History, ii, 47; as a boy in Jerusalem, William may have seen King Fulk in person.

38. William of Tyre, History, ii, 51.

39. Riley-Smith, First Crusaders, pp. 169–88.

40. C. J. Tyerman, England and the Crusades 1095–1588 (Chicago 1988), pp. 50–51; cf. Hamilton, The Leper King, pp. 212–14.

41. P. Edbury and J. G. Rowe, William of Tyre (Cambridge 1988), pp. 61–84.

42. For a summary, J. Folda, ‘Art in the Latin East’, The Oxford History of the Crusades, ed. J. Riley-Smith (Oxford 1999), p. 141.

43. Alexander III, Opera Omnia, PL, 200, col. 1294; Hamilton, The Leper King, passim for a modern positive gloss on Baldwin.

44. William of Tyre, History, ii, 446, 460.

45. R. C. Smail, ‘The Predicaments of Guy of Lusignan 1183–87’, Outremer, ed. Kedar et al., pp. 159–76.

46. B. Z. Kedar, ‘The General Tax of 1183 in the Crusading Kingdom of Jerusalem’, English Historical Review, 89 (1974), 339–45; William of Tyre, History, ii, 486–7.

7: East is East and East is West: Outremer in the Twelfth Century

1. William of Tyre, History, ii, 397–8; E. Kohlberg and B. Z. Kedar, ‘A Melkite Physician in Frankish Jerusalem and Ayyubid Damascus’, in B. Z. Kedar, The Franks in the Levant (Aldershot 1993), chap. XII, pp. 113–15; C. Cahen, ‘Indigènes et croisés’, Syria, 15 (1934), 351–60; on William of Tyre, Edbury and Rowe, William of Tyre, esp. pp. 1–22 and passim for his historical interpretation.

2. Livres des Assises de la Cour des Bourgeois, c. 241, RHC Lois (Paris 1843), ii, 172.

3. Guibert of Nogent, Gesta Dei, p. 245; Orderic Vitalis, Ecclesiastical History, v, 136–7; Richard, The Crusades, pp. 144–5.

4. Ellenblum, Settlement, pp. 9, 14–19.

5. Fulcher of Chartres, History, pp. 149–50, 271–2; The Travels of Ibn Jubayr, trans. R. J. C. Broadhurst (London 1952), p. 325; Usamah, An Arab-Syrian Gentleman, p. 170.

6. A. de Barthélemy, ‘Libre Exercise de commerce octroyé à un pèlerin champanois’, Archives de l’Orient Latin, i (1881), 535–6; in general, Ellenblum, Settlement, passim; cf. Prawer, The Latin Kingdom; idem, ‘Colonization Activities in the Latin Kingdom’, Crusader Institutions (Oxford 1980), pp. 102–42.

7. Le Cartulaire du chapitre du Saint-Sépulchre de Jérusalem, ed. G. Bresc-Bautier (Paris 1984), no. 121, pp. 246–7; Hugh le Poitevin, Chronique de l’abbaye de Vézelay, Monumenta Vizeliacensis, ed. R. B. C. Huygens (Turnhout 1976), pp. 400, 402.

8. H. E. Mayer, ‘Abu’ alis Spuren am Berliner Tiergarten’, Archiv für Diplomatik, 38 (1992), 132–3; William of Tyre, History, ii, 292–4; note 1 above.

9. Ralph Niger, De Re Militari et Triplici Via Peregrinationis Ierosolimitanae, ed. L. Schmugge (Berlin 1977), pp. 186–7, 193–9; William of Tyre, History, ii, 192–3; for a rehabilitation of Heraclius, B. Z. Kedar, ‘The Patriarch Eraclius’, Outremer, ed. Kedar et al., pp. 177–204.

10. John of Würzburg, in Jerusalem Pilgrimage, ed. Wilkinson, Hakluyt Society NS 167 (1988), pp. 259, 266; John Phocas, ibid., p. 324.

11. Theoderic, Jerusalem Pilgrimage, ed. Wilkinson, p. 310.

12. C. Kohler, ‘Documents inédits concernant l’Orient Latin et les croisades’, Revue de l’Orient Latin (Paris 1893–1911), vii, 1–9.

13. B. Z. Kedar’s phrase, ‘The Subjected Muslims of the Frankish Levant’, Muslims under Latin Rule, ed. Powell, p. 174; idem, ‘A Second Incarnation in Frankish Jerusalem’, The Experience of Crusading, ii, ed. P. Edbury and J. Phillips (Cambridge 2003), p. 89.

14. Kemal al-Din, Chronicle of Aleppo, RHC Or., iii (Paris 1884), 597–8.