God's War: A New History of the Crusades

39. See the map, Ellenblum, Settlement, p. xviii and passim; D. Pringle, Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (Cambridge 1997), esp. pp. 4–5; D. Pringle, The Red Tower (Edinburgh 1986).

40. Usamah, An Arab-Syrian Gentleman, pp. 95, 130.

41. Pringle, Red Tower, pp. 58–63; Tibble, Monarchy and Lordships, pp. 103–4, 108–10, 113, 141–3; Ellenblum, Settlement, pp. 198–204.

42. Ambroise, Estoire de la Guerre Sainte, trans. M. J. Hubert and J. L. Lamonte, The Crusade of Richard the Lion-Heart (New York 1976), ll. 7121–5, p. 281. (Hereafter Ambroise, Crusade of Richard.)

43. Hillenbrand, Crusades, pp. 342 and 343 for Abu Shama’s account of Reynald of Sidon; Runciman, History of the Crusades, ii, 469; iii, 59, 489; for Ibn Shaddad’s account of the bilingual diplomacy, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 228–9.

44. Röhricht, Regesta regni, no. 502; A. E. Dostourian, Armenia and the Crusades: The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa (New York/London 1993), pp. 245–57.

45. For a useful summary, Mayer, Crusades, pp. 189–93 and refs.; and the articles by J. Folda and D. Pringle in J. Riley-Smith (ed.), The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades (Oxford 1995).

46. De constructione castri Saphet, trans. Kennedy, Crusader Castles, p. 194, but see n. 7 p. 211; Broadhurst, Ibn Jubayr, p. 322.

47. Usamah, An Arab-Syrian Gentleman, pp. 169–70.

48. Pringle, Red Tower, p. 178; Cartulaire du Saint-Sépulchre de Jerusalem, no. 117, pp. 237–9; G. A. Loud, ‘Norman Italy and the Holy Land’, Horns of Hattin, ed. Kazar, p. 52 and note 14.

49. Runciman, History of the Crusades, ii, 317 and note 2.

50. Cited by Mayer, Crusades, p. 183 and note 97.

51. See B. Z. Kedar’s comments, Horns of Hattin, pp. 350–53, 359–60, 363 and J. Prawer’s reaction, ibid., esp. pp. 365–6.

52. Cf. Prawer, Latin Kingdom, and Kedar, Crusade and Mission, p. 78.

53. Thietmar, Peregrinatio, Peregrinationes Medii Aevi Quatuor, ed. J. C. M. Laurent (Leipzig 1873), ii, 37.

8: A New Path to Salvation? Western Christendom and Holy War 1100–1145

1. Guibert of Nogent, Gesta Dei p. 124; Ekkehard of Aura, Hierosolymita, v, 39.

2. Riley-Smith, First Crusaders, p. 167 and, generally, pp. 144–68; Riley-Smith, Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades, pp. 80–81.

3. H. W. C. Davis, ‘Henry of Blois and Brian FitzCount’, English Historical Review, 25 (1910), 301–3.

4. Chronicon S. Andreae in Castro Cameracesii, ed. L. C. Bethmann, MGH SS, vii (Hanover 1846), 544–5; in general, C. Morris, ‘Propaganda for War’, Studies in Church History, xx, ed. W. J. Shields (Woodbridge 1983), 79–101.

5. Gesta Francorum, pp. 50–56, 66–7; for the First Crusade histories, Riley-Smith, First Crusade, pp. 60–61, 135–52.

6. P. Rousset, Les Origines et les caractères de la première croisade (Geneva 1945); K. Skovgaard-Petersen, A Journey to the Promised Land: Crusading Theology in the Historia de profectione Danorum in Hierosolymam (Copenhagen 2001); R. Hiestand, ‘Il cronista medievale e il suo pubblico’, Annali della facolta di lettere e filosofia dell’universita di Napoli, 27 (1984–5), 207–27; Gunther of Pairis, Historia Constantinopolitana, ed. Comte Riant, Exuviae Constantinopolitanae, i (Geneva 1877), 60–66, now trans. A. J. Andrea, The Capture of Constantinople (Philadelphia 1997) (hereafter Gunther of Pairis, Capture); Gunther of Pairis, Solymarius, Archives de l’Orient Latin, i (1881), 555–61; for the abbot’s presentation to Frederick I, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS Vat. Lat. 2001, fol. 1 recto.