God's War: A New History of the Crusades

Lucca 61, 118

Lucius II, pope 273–4, 581

Ad abolendam (1184) 581

Lucius III, pope 342, 417

Ludolf of Tournai 157

Lydda 153

Lyons

First General Council of the Church at (1245) 772, 774, 778, 779, 785, 897

Second General Council of the Church at (1274) 688, 706, 814–16, 837, 840, 849; Constitutiones pro zeli fidei 815

Ma ‘arrat al-Nu ‘man 142, 145, 149–50, 190, 192, 270

Mabel of Bellême 83

Maccabees, the 30–31, 41, 86, 380, 421, 477, 906, 909, 912

Magdeburg, ‘crusade’ circular of 246, 263, 674–6, 677

Magna Carta 615, 617

Magna Mahomeria (al-Bira) 220, 221–2, 223, 232, 754

Magnus II, king of Sweden 697–8

al-Mahdiya 54

crusade to (1390) 852–3

Mainz 78, 100, 101–2, 103, 104, 105

diet of (‘Curia Christi’) (1188) 377, 387, 392, 394, 419

Maldon, battle of (991) 40

Malik Shah, Seljuk sultan 126–7, 128

Mamistra 132

mamluks, slave warriors 22, 348, 352, 415, 729

Bahriyya division 771, 789, 790–91, 792, 795, 797, 807

Mamluks, rulers of Egypt 22, 715, 720–21, 722, 732, 770, 806–7, 817, 826, 831–4, 836–7, 845, 861, 884

Manasses, bishop of Orléans 563–6

Manasses, archbishop of Rheims 172

Manasses of Hierges, constable of Jerusalem 208, 220

Manfred, king of Sicily 806, 898

Mansourah 646–7, 788, 789–94, 796

battle of (1250) 789, 792–4, 797, 799

al-Mansur, ruler of al-Andalus 53, 54, 657, 670

Mantua, conference at (1459–60) 870

Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 194, 218, 236, 273, 286, 289, 291, 318–19, 321–9, 331, 335, 342, 346–7, 510, 533–7

Manuel II Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 849, 851

Manzikert, battle of 11, 49, 82, 127

Marasch 132

Margaret of France, queen of Hungary 421

Margaret of Provence, queen of France 789, 796, 811

Margat (Marqab), castle of 446, 817

Maria of Antioch, sister of Bohemund III 194

Maria of Antioch, daughter of Bohemund IV 731

Maria Comnena, queen of Jerusalem 212, 357–61, 372

Maria la Marquise, queen of Jerusalem 493, 632, 724, 725

Marienburg, becomes Teutonic Knights’ HQ 842

Marinid rulers of Morocco 671

Marino Sanudo Torsello, Venetian writer 718, 802, 827–8, 905

Marmoutier, abbey of 63, 70, 71, 74

Marseilles, preaching in 619

Marsilius of Padua 905

Martin, abbot of Pairis 498, 503–4, 506, 517, 520, 553, 557

Martin IV, pope 898

Mary, mother of Jesus, as war goddess and patroness 687–8

‘Master of Hungary’, the, demagogue 804

Matthew Gentile, count of Lesina 625, 645

Matthew Paris, monk and chronicler 625, 717, 721, 762–3, 772, 800

Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary 872

Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, countess of Anjou 195, 207, 208, 300

Matilda, wife of King Stephen, queen of England 255

Mawdud, ruler of Mosul 190, 203, 227, 271

Mecca 203, 345, 362

Medina 203, 345

Mehmed I, Ottoman sultan 852

Mehmed II, the Conqueror, Ottoman sultan 844, 845, 850, 851, 863–6, 868, 871, 872

Meinhard, missionary 689, 690

Melisende, queen of Jerusalem 207, 208, 209–10, 232, 264, 277, 332, 334, 335, 345, 357

Psalter of 210, 236

Memel 689

Merzifon, battle of 174, 175

Messina, and Third Crusade 436, 441–3, 450, 532

Mestwin, duke of Danzig 703

Mezenc, castellans of 86

Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 557, 815, 849

Michael Choniates, archbishop of Athens 537

Miesco I, king of Poland 5, 10

Miguel de Cervantes 673

Milan, Milanese 3, 175

Patarines of 46–7, 48

Miles of Plancy, seneschal of Jerusalem 209, 220, 357, 359, 360

Milo of Brébant 510

Milo of Evry-le-Châtel 300

Mindaugas, king of Lithuania 702

miscegenation, stories of 175, 230, 750

Mohacs, battle of (1526) 844

Moissac, monks of St Peter’s of 80

Mongols, the 641, 705, 715, 718, 722, 755–6, 769, 770–71, 772, 784–6, 798, 801, 806–7, 813, 815–16, 817, 818, 826, 838, 913–14

Monreal del Campo, militia of 256

Montferrand (Ba ‘rin) 188, 197, 198

Montfort (Galilee), Teutonic Knights’ HQ 748, 754

Montgisard, battle of (1177) 352, 353, 360, 363

Montréal (Shawbak) 203, 224, 239–40, 372, 403, 404, 405, 639

Frankish widow of 240, 404

Montségur, massacre at (1244) 603

Morphia of Melitene 186

Mosul 12, 187, 344, 352, 353, 362, 364

motives 84–9, 163–4, 168, 171–2, 262, 266, 398, 502, 504–5, 506–7, 603, 680, 685–9, 691, 707, 709, 711–12, 759, 769, 772, 782, 795, 800, 809, 883–4

Mount Pilgrim (Qal’at Sanjil) 196

Mount Tabor 362–3, 612, 628

al-Mu ‘azzam, ruler of Damascus 612, 628, 636–7, 645, 746, 748, 749

al-Mu ‘azzam Turanshah, sultan of Egypt 789, 790, 794–7

Muhammed, prophet 51, 362

Muhammed, Seljuk prince 128

Muhammed, sultan of Baghdad 270–71, 272

al-Muqtadi, caliph of Baghdad 128

Murad II, Ottoman sultan 844, 846, 862–3

Muret, battle of (1213) 587, 594, 595, 669

Muslim converts to Christianity 228, 638–9, 656, 670, 811, 815

vice versa 788

al-Mustansir, caliph of Egypt 128

Myriokephalon, battle of (1176) 342, 535

Nablus 224, 229–30

council of (1120) 206, 226, 254

assembly of (1167) 355

assembly at (1186) 365

Naim al-Din Ayyub 188, 350

Napoleon Bonaparte 802

Narbonne, council of (1054) 43

Naser-e Khosraw, Persian traveller 81

al-Nasir, caliph of Baghdad 353

al-Nasir Dawd, ruler of Damascus and Kerak 749, 764–9

Nicaea 11, 59, 75, 98, 113, 121, 124, 129, 135, 142, 317, 320, 321

Nicephoras Phocas, Byzantine emperor 53