Грамматика для написания научных статей

The teacher reviewed systematically the lenses.

He is certainly very intelligent/ he is very intelligent, certainly

3. Another type of adverb that can move around in the sentence is one that modifies the whole sentence, for example, fortunately, actually, obviously, certainly, and recently.

Certainly, he is very intelligent.

He is certainly very intelligent.

He is very intelligent, certailnly.

4. The adverb only also has the ability to move around in the sentence, but its position changes the meaning of the sentence.

In the following sentence – the context of which is a bus accident – the word only can be inserted at each one of the points (1-6) indicated. Except for when it appears at points 4 and 6. the position of only changes the meaning of the sentence. Can you work out the fixe different meanings of this sentence, depending on the position of only?

(1) The (2) passenger (3) hint (4) his (5) arm (6).

5. Many adverbs of frequency (such as always, sometimes, often, seldom, usually, frequently) modify the whole sentence and not just the verb. They usually occur in the middle position in a sentence after the subject.

He always behaves tactfully, (before a main verb)

He has always spoken tactfully to his boss, (after the first auxiliary verb)

He is always tactful, (after be as the main verb)

6. Adverbial phrases are best placed at the end of a sentence.

She approached me in a very friendly manner.

My friend works out in the gym three times a week.

Task 2. Use an insertion mark () to indicate where to place the given adverb in the sentence.

Example: Tom Hanks makes political speeches, (sometimes)

Answer: Tom Hanks sometimes makes political speeches.

1. Tom Hanks plays romantic roles, (frequently)

2. He acts very well, (usually)

3. He has played a villain a few times, (only)

4. He prepares for each role, (apparently, with a great deal of care)

5. In the film Castaway, he managed to alter his body, (drastically)

6. He has won an Oscar twice even though he has been nominated many times, (only)

7. He was grateful to receive the Oscar for Best Actor two years in a row – 1994 and 1995. (extremely)

8. Hanks accepts the Oscar, (always, graciously)

Comparisons

1. To form comparative and superlative forms of most one-syllabic adjectives, add -er and -est endings.

cool cooler coolest

warm warmer warmest

2. Comparative forms are usually followed by the word than, Superlative forms are almost always preceded by the word the.

In Brazil, January is warmer than July.

In Canada, July is the warmest month.

One-syllable adjectives ending In a single vowel + a single consonant double the consonant when adding the -er and -est endings,

big bigger biggest

hot hotter hottest

3. To form comparative and superlative forms of most adjectives of more than one syllable, use more and most (or less and least).

famous more famous most famous

efficient less efficient least efficient

Two-syllable adjectives ending in -y or -le are the exception to this rule- For Inject Ives ending in -y_t change the у to / and add the -er or -est ending. For adjectives ending in -ie, just add r or st to the ending.

pretty prettier prettiest

simple simpler simplest

Do not use both the -er form and more or both the -esf form and most.

My car is more faster than yours.

My car is the most fastest on the block.

To form the comparative and superlative forms of ly adverbs, use more and most (or less and least).

carefully more carefully most carefully.

4. Some adjectives and adverbs have irregular forms for the comparative and superlative: good/ well -better- best bad/badly – worse – worst

Task 3. Choose the correct words in italics. If both options are correct, choose both.

1. The colour scheme for the party is red orange/ red and orange.

2. Dieter had always wanted an expensive German/ a German expensive sports car.

3. The old cottage has brick and stone/ brick stone walls and a charming thatched roof.

4. It was a challenging, difficult, demanding/ difficult and demanding course.