Грамматика для написания научных статей

The second advance was led by an Austrian physician, Wernecke, who also worked with (ZERO) patients suffering from (ZERO) speech problems, though different from those studied by Broca. Unlike Tan, Wernecke's patients could pronounce (ZERO) words perfectly; their problem was that what they said was (ZERO) nonsense – a condition known as aphasia, in which words may be spoken in a jumbled order and the patient may also invent new words with no obvious meaning. (ZERO) Examination of the brains of these aphasic patients revealed that physical damage had occurred in a region quite separate from Broca's area. This led Wernecke to conclude that there is no single speech centre in the brain, and that different elements of (ZERO) speech are controlled in separate regions.

(Grammar Troublespots: 99)

Task 4. Here is the next (and closing) paragraph from the text about brain research. The articles have been deleted, but this time you have to decide where one is needed. Read it and decide where you need to insert THE, A or AN.

In short, we can say that key historical developments in brain research were, first, movement from description of brain’s structure to explanation of how brain worked and, second, shift from simple view of brain as single unit to realisation that control over any one skill – such as speaking – is distributed across different areas of brain.

E. Articles Used in Phrases

Here are some examples of phrases in which the use of articles is not predictable. Destinations: to go to the store, to go to the post office, to go to the bank, but go to school, to go to church, to go to bed, to go home

Locations: at home, in bed, in school, in college, but in the hospital

Parts of the day: in the morning, in the evening, but at night

Chores: to do the dishes, to do the gardening, to do the cleaning

Mealtimes: at breakfast, after dinner; for lunch

There are hundreds of idiomatic expressions in English containing nouns.

Here are just a few examples of idiomatic expressions: some of the nouns in the phrases have articles and some do not. It is usually impossible tо explain why some idioms have articles and others don't. Be alert. When you meet a new idiomatic expression, look it up in the dictionary write it down, and pay attention to whether an article is used or not: to give a hand, to keep a straight face; to be over the hill, in the end;

to be on time, learn by heat, by mistake

Task 5. Complete this extract from a letter with a, an, the or – (no article).

There are several reasons why I think I should be considered for (1) ___ post of esearch assistant in- (2) ______ Faculty of Economics at your university. My first degree was in- (3) _____ politics and economics from (4) _____ University of Warwick., (5) _____ England. Then I Went to (6) _____ United States and took (7) _____ Master's degree in international development:. Since then, I have been Working as (8) _____ advisor to (9)_____ small non-governmental organisation, and also contributing to (10) _____Independent newspaper on a regular basis.

Task 6. Choose the correct option.

1 I refer to your letter of 10th March. A/ The letter states that I purchased a car at your showroom several weeks previously.

2 Do you remember that/ this conversation we had three weeks ago about Kate and Geoff's wedding?

3 Please sign and date each/ all page of the contract, then return it to the address above.

4 This packet is impossible to open. Can you pass me the/ any scissors from the table?

5 On most nights now you'll come across a/ any fox in an urban environment.

6 The current government has done few/ little to alleviate the suffering of poor/ the poor.

7 I've studied several languages but have never found one this/ much difficult before.

8 The fear/ Fear of losing one's teeth is a common theme in many people's dreams.

Task 7. Read the article about Magnum. There are fifteen more mistakes with incorrect, unnecessary or missing words. Find and correct them, as in the example.

MAGNUM PAST AND PRESENT

Magnum is a cooperative of nearly sixty photographers with offices in New York, London, Paris and Tokyo