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5. With a compound adjective that contains a number, use hyphens and a singular form.

They sent their nephew a twenty-dollar bill. She has a six-year-old son.

6. Compound adjectives of physical description use the -ed form:

left-handed, bow-legged, broad-shouldered dark-haired

Some adjectives are regularly used with prepositions.

I am afraid of ghosts. I confess that I am proud of winning the race.

Whenever you come across an adjective + preposition structure in your reading, make a note of the preposition that goes with the adjective and write them both down.

B. Position of Adjectives in a Series

Adjectives in a series tend to occur in a certain order, though there are frequent exceptions. In the following chart, you will see that opinion adjectives come before physical-description adjectives that come before nationality adjectives, and so on.

They demolished three beautiful old houses.

I sold my long blue silk evening gown.

We ate a delicious French meal.

Use a comma only between opinion adjectives.

He wrote a well organized, insightful paper.

C. Adverbs

1. Many adverbs are formed by adding -ly to an adjective. Use an ly adverb to modify a verb, adjective, or a clause.

She speaks quietly. The suit he wore was quietly tasteful. Quietly, she made her way across the room.

2. Adding -ly to an adjective to create an adverb may also create a change in spelling, as in the following examples.

A few adjectives already end in ly, far example, friendly, lovely, lively, fatherly.

For an adverbial sense, use the adjective in the phrase “in a… way."

She spoke to me in a friendly way.

3. Not all adverbs are derived from adjectives. Here are some common adverbs that indicate place or time: here, (here, nowhere, anywhere, somewhere, already, soon, now, then.

4. Some adverbs, called “adverbs of frequency” tell how often or regularly an action occurs; never, rarely, seldom, sometimes, occasionally, often, always and also once a week, twice a month, etc.

5. Adverbs modify not only verbs. They are also often used to modify an adjective or another adverb. Here are a few of the more frequent such adverbs; very, extremely terribly, fairly, somewhat, too, almost, quite. Bill Gates is very rich. He runs his company quite efficiently.

Some adverbs are used almost exclusively with certain adjectives.

You should learn and use these adjective-adverb combinations. A good dictionary should be able to give you this information.

Task 1. Insert the appropriate adjective or adverb in the blanks in the following sentences.

1. A servant thought that Charles Darwin was ___ (idle/idly) because he stared at an anthill for an hour.

2. Darwin wanted to observe every creature in ___ (minute/ minutely) detail.

3. He studied ants and turtles ___ (particular/particularly) ___ (close/closely).

4. Darwin always held a ____ (powerful/powerfully) affection for family.

5. He wanted to observe ___ (accurate/accurately) human beings' emotions.

6. Darwin argued that love, affection, morality, and sympathy had ___ (gradual/gradually) developed from our primate.

7. Even baboons can feel ___ (evil, evilly) passions.

8. When corroding the proofs for his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Lower Animals, Darwin ___(emphatic/emphatically) deleted (he word "lower."

Tricky Adjective and Adverb Forms

1. Some adverbs do not add -ly to the adjective form.

They seem to be good writers. They write well.

He is a fast swimmer. He swims fast

She is a hard worker. She works hard.

Take care with hard and hardly. The adverb farm hardly does exist, but it is not associated with the adjective hard and it has negative connotations, It means

’scarcely' or '‘almost not at all.”

He hardly ever offers to help.

I’d hardly describe her looks as beautiful!

2. After linking verbs such as feel, seem, and income, use an adjective.

The teachers feel bad.

Some verbs (such as appear, look, see, smell, taste) can be used as either linking verbs or action verbs.

She looked sad when she heard the news, look – linking verb)

She looked sadly around the room, (look – action verb)

Never place an adverb between a verb and the direct object. The following sentence is incorrect in English.