Ideas: A History from Fire to Freud

78. Paul R. Sweet, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Cincinnati: Ohio State University Press, volume 2, 1980, pages 398ff, which shows that Humboldt was just as interested in (American) Indian languages as in Sanskrit.

79. Schwab, Op. cit., page 181.

80. Ibid., page 217.

81. Ibid., page 250.

82. Marc Citoleux, Alfred de Vigny, persistences classiques et affinités étrangères, Paris: Champion, 1924, page 321.

83. Schwab, Op. cit., page 468.

84. Clark Jr, Op. cit., pages 130ff.

85. Schwab, Op. cit., pages 273ff.

86. Ibid., page 217. Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling, Philosophie der Mythologies, Munich: C. H. Beck, 1842/1943.

87. Schwab, Op. cit., page 201.

88. Ibid., page 211.

89. Non-German-speaking readers should consult: Franz Bopp, A Comparative Grammar of the Sanskrit, Zend, Greek, Latin, Lithuanian, Gothic, German and Slavonic Languages. Translated from the German by Lieutenant Eastwick, conducted through the press by H. H. Wilson. Three volumes, London: Madden and Malcolm, 1845–1853.

90. Schwab, Op. cit., page 213.

91. Ibid., page 220.

92. Ibid., page 219.

93. Rüdiger Safranski, Schopenhauer, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989, page 63.

94. Schwab, Op. cit., page 427.

95. Ibid.

96. Arthur Schopenhauer, The World As Will and Idea (translated by R. B. Haldane and J. Kemp), London: Trübner, three volumes, 1883–1886, volume 3, page 281.

97. Schwab, Op. cit., page 359.

98. Ibid., page 357.

99. Ibid., page 361.

100. Ibid.

101. Joanna Richardson, Victor Hugo, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1976, pages 217ff.

102. Schwab, Op. cit., page 373.

103. Ibid., page 417.

104. Referred to in: Émile Carcassone, ‘Leconte de Lisle et la philosophie indienne’, Revue de litérature comparée, volume 11, 1931, pages 618–646.

105. Schwab, Op cit., page 431.

106. Michael D. Biddiss, The Father of Racist Ideology, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1970, pages 175–176.

107. Schwab, Op. cit., page 438.

108. Richard Wagner, My Life, two volumes, New York: Dodds Mead, 1911, volume 2, page 638. Schwab has a whole chapter on Wagner’s Buddhism.

109. He also said that he ‘hated’ America. It was ‘a horrible nightmare’. Wilhelm Altman (editor and selector), Letters of Richard Wagner, London: Dent, 1927, volume 1, page 293.

110. Schwab, Op. cit., page 441.

111. Judith Gautier, Auprès de Richard Wagner, Paris: Mercure de France, 1943, page 229.

CHAPTER 30: THE GREAT REVERSAL OF VALUES – ROMANTICISM

1. Harold C. Schonberg, Lives of the Composers, London: Davis-Poynter/Macdonald Futura, 1970/1980, page 124.

2. See David Cairns, Berlioz, London: Allen Lane The Penguin Press, 1999, pages 263–278, passim, for Berlioz’s friendship with Hiller.

3. Schonberg, Op. cit., page 126.

4. Menuhin and Davis, The Music of Man, Op. cit., page 163.

5. Schonberg, Op. cit., page 126.

6. Jacques Barzun, Classical, Romantic, Modern, London: Secker & Warburg, 1962, page 5.

7. Schonberg, Op. cit., page 124.

8. Berlin, The Sense of Reality, London: Chatto & Windus, 1996. page 168.

9. Ibid., page 168.

10. Ibid., pages 168–169.

11. Ibid., page 168.

12. Ibid., page 169.

13. See Howard Mumford Jones, Revolution and Romanticism, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1974, page 368, for German nationalism in response to Napoleon. And see Gerald N. Izenberg, Impossible Individuality: Romanticism, Revolution and the Origins of Modern Selfhood, 1787–1802, Princeton, New Jersey, and London: Princeton University Press, 1992, pages 45–47 and 94 for the Berlin salons.

14. Berlin, Op. cit., page 170.

15. Ibid., page 171.

16. Ibid.

17. Ibid., page 173.

18. Ibid., page 175.

19. See Israel, Radical Enlightenment, Op. cit., page 668, for a view that Vico was a philosophical opponent of naturalism.

20. Ibid.

21. Ibid., page 666.

22. Ibid., pages 665 and 344.

23. Ibid., page 344.

24. Mumford Jones, Op. cit., page 242; see also Hawthorn, Enlightenment and Despair, Op. cit., pages 32–33.

25. Roger Smith, Op. cit., page 337.

26. Berlin, Op. cit., page 176.

27. Mumford Jones, Op. cit., page 229.

28. Berlin, Op. cit., page 178.

29. Ibid., page 179.