Как избежать климатических катастроф? План Б 4.0: спасение цивилизации

12 Там же, pp. 393–396; Yun Qian et al., “Effects of Soot-Induced Snow Albedo Change on Snowpack and Hydrological Cycle in Western United States Based on Weather Research and Forecasting Chemistry and Regional Climate Simulations”, Journal of Geophysical Research , vol. 114, issue D3 (14 February 2009); Jane Qiu, “The Third Pole”, Nature , vol. 454 (24 July 2008, pp. 393–396); Frances C. Moore, “Climate Change and Air Pollution: Exploring the Synergies and Potential for Mitigation in Industrializing Countries”, Sustainability , vol. 1 No. 1 (24 March 2009), pp. 43–54.

13 Elizabeth Rosenthal, “Third-World Soot Stove is Target in Climate Fight”, New York Times , 16 April 2009.

14 IPCC, op. cit, note 1, pp. 13, 15; Thomas R. Karl, Jerry M. Melillo, and Thomas C. Peterson, eds., Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009), pp. 22–23.

15 A. P. Sokolov et al., “Probabilistic Forecast for 21st Century Climate Based on Uncertainties in Emissions (Without Policy) and Climate Parameters”, Journal of Climate , в печати.

16 International Alliance of Research Universities, Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges & Decisions , Synthesis Report from International Scientific Congress (Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, 2009), pp. 18–19.

17 “Awful Weather We’re Having”, The Economist , 2 October 2004; Richard Milne, “Hurricanes Cost Munich Re Reinsurance”, Financial Times , 6 November 2004.

18 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Production, Supply and Distribution , электронная база данных – см.: www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline, обновлено 11 июня 2007 г.; Janet Larsen, «Record Heat Wave in Europe Takes 35,000 Lives”, Eco-Economy Update (Washinghton, DC: Earth Policy Institute, 9 October 2003); USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, “Crop Production”, news release (Washington, DC: 12 August 2005).

19 Janet Larsen, “Setting the Record Straight: More than 52,000 Europeans Died from Heat in Summer 2003”, Eco-Economy Update (Washington, DC: Earth Policy Institute, 26 July 2006); National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, The 9/11 Commission Report (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2004).

20 National Center for Atmospheric Research and UCAR Office of Programs, “Drought’s Growing Reach: NCAR Study Points to Global Warming as Key Factor”, press release (Boulder, CO: 10 January 2005); Aiguo Dai, Kevin E. Trenberth, and Taotao Qian, “A Global Dataset of Palmer Drought Severity Index for 1870–2002: Relationship with Soil Moisture and Effects of Surface Warming”, Journal of Hydrometeorology , vol. 5 (December 2004), pp. 1, 117–130.

21 Susan Solomon et al., “Irreversible Climate Change Due to Carbon Dioxide Emissions”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol. 106, No. 6 (10 February 2009), pp. 1, 704–709.

22 Donald McKenzie et al., “Irreversible Climate Change, Wildfire, and Conservation:, Conservation Biology , vol. 18, No. 4 (August 2004), pp. 890–902.

23 Camile Parmesan and Hector Galbraith, Observed Impacts of Global Climate Change in the U.S. (Arlington, VA: Pew Center on Global Climate Change, 2004); DeNeen L. Brown, “Signs of Thaw in a Desert of Snow”, Washington Post , 28 May 2002.

24 Patty Glick, Fish Out of Water: A Guide to Global Warming and Pacific Northwest Rivers (Seattle, WA: National Wildlife Federation, March 2005); Elizabeth Gillespie, “Global Warming May Be Making Rivers Too Hot: Cold-Water Fish Will Struggle, Report Says”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer , 24 March 2005.

25 Douglas B. Inkley et al., Global Climate Change and Wildlife in North America (Betesda, MD: The Wildlife Society, December 2004); J. R. Pegg, “Global Warming Disrupting North American Wildlife”, Environment News Services 16 December 2004.

26 UNEP, op. cit. note 2; Gordon McCranahan et al., “The Rising Tide: Assessing the Risks of Climate Change and Human Settlements in Low Elevation Coastal Zones”, Environment and Urbanization , vol. 18, No. 1 (April 2007), pp. 17–37.

27 Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA), Impacts of a Warming Arctic (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2004); “Rapid Arctic Warming Brings Sea Level Rise, Extinctions”, Environment News Service , 8 November, 2004.