Как избежать климатических катастроф? План Б 4.0: спасение цивилизации

28 J. R. Pegg, “The Earth is Melting, Arctic Native Leader Warns”, Environment News Service , 16 September 2004; ACIA, op. cit note 27, p. 8.

29 ACIA, op. cit. note 27; Steven C. Amstrup, Bruce G. Marcot, and David C. Douglas, Forecasting the Range-wide Status of Polar Bears at Selected Times in the 21st Century (Reston, VA: U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2007), p. 2.

30 Julienne Stroeve et al., “Arctic Sea Decline: Faster than Forecast”, Geophysical Research Letters , vol. 34 (May 2007); National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), “Arctic Sea Ice Shatters All Previous Record Lows”, press release (Boulder, CO: 1 October 2007); R. Kwok et al., “Thinning and Volume Loss of the Arctic Ocean Sea Ice Cover: 2003–2008”, Journal of Geophysical Research , vol. 114 (7 July 2009).

31 David Adam, “Meltdown Fear as Arctic Ice Cover Falls to Record Winter Low”, Guardian (London), 15 May 2006; Kevin Rollason, “Arctic to See First Ice-Free Summer in 2015”, Canwest News Service (Canada), 6 December 2008; Винсент процитирован в работе: David Ljunggren, “Arctic Summer Ice Could Vanish by 2013: Expert”, Reuters , 5 March 2009: Струве процитирован в статье: “Arctic Ice Retreating 30 Years Ahead of Projections”, Environment News Service , 30 April 2007.

32 NSIDC, “Processes: Thermodynamics: Albedo” – см.: nsdic.org/seaice/ processe/albedo.html; просмотрено автором 26 июля 2007 г.

33 UNEP, op. cit., note 2.

34 J. L. Chen, C. R. Wilson, and D. D. Tapley, “Satellite Gravity Measurements Confirm Accelerated Melting of Greenland Ice Sheet”, Science , vol. 313 (29 September 2006), pp. 1, 958–960; Isabella Velicogna and John Wahr, “Acceleration of Greenland Ice Mass Loss in Spring 2004”, Nature , vol. 443 (21 September 2006), pp. 329–331; S. B. Luthke et al., “Recent Greenland Ice Mass Loss from Drainage System from Satellite Gravity Observations”, Science , vol. 314 (24 November 2006), pp. 1, 286–289; “Gravity Measurements Confirm Greenland’s Glaciers Precipitous Meltdown”, Scientific American , 19 October 2006.

35 Paul Brown, “Melting Ice Cap Triggering Earthquakes”, Guardian (London), 8 September 2007; Robert W. Corell, discussion with Jignasha Rana, Earth Policy Institute, 15 July 2009.

36 Ohio State University, “Greenland’s Glaciers Losing Ice Faster This Year than Last Year, Which Was Record-Setting Itself”, news release (Columbus, OH: 13 December 2008).

37 H. Jay Zwally et al., “Surface Melt-Induced Acceleration of Greenland Ice-Sheet Flow”, Science , vol. 297 (12 July 2002), pp. 218–222.

38 U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Information Administration (EIA), “Antarctica: Fact Sheet” – см.: www.eia.doe.gov, September 2000.

39 “Giant Antarctic Ice Shelves Shatter and Break Away”, Environment News Service , 19 March 2002; слова Вона приведены в статье: Andrew Revkin, “Large Ice Shelf in Antarctica Disintegrates at Great Speed”, New York Times , 20 March 2002.

40 “Breakaway Bergs Disrupt Antarctic Ecosystem”, Environment News Service , 9 May 2002; “Giant Antarctic Ice Shelves Shatter and Break Away”, op. cit. note 39.

41 NSIDC, «Larsen B Ice Shelf Collapses in Antarctica” – см.: nsidc.org/ news/press/larsen_B/2002.html, 21 March 2002; “Breakaway Bergs Disrupt Antarctic Ecosystem”, op. cit. note 40; “Giant Antarctic Ice Shelves Shatter and Break Away”, p. cit. note 39.

42 University of Colorado at Boulder, “NASA, CU-Boulder Study Shows Vast Regions of West Antarctica Melted in Recent Past”, press release (Boulder: 15 May 2008).

43 Peter Brown, “NASA Satellites Watch Polar Ice Shelf Break into Crushed Ice”, Scientific American , July 2008).

44 NASA Earth Observatory, “Wilkins Ice Bridge Collapse” – см.: earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=37806, размещено на сайте 8 апреля 2009 г.

45 Michael Byrnes, «New Antarctic Iceberg Split No Threat”, Reuters , 20 May 2002.

46 Robin McKie, “Scientists to Issue Stark Warning Over Dramatic New Sea Level Figures”, Guardian (London), 8 March 2009; IPCC, op. cit note 1, p. 13; Pfeffer, Harper, and O’Neel, op. cit. note 2; USGS, Synthesis and Assessment Product 3.4: Abrupt Climate Change (Washington, DC: 2009), p. 9.

47 McGranahan et al., op. cit. note 26.

48 Там же.

49 World Glacier Monitoring Service, University of Zurich, “Glacier Mass Balance Data 2006 and 2007” – см.: www.geo.uzh.ch/wgms/mbb/ mbb10/sum07.html, материал обновлен 30 января 2009 г.

50 Lester R. Brown, “Melting Mountain Glaciers Will Shrink Grain Harvests in China and India”, Plan B Update (Washington, DC: Earth Policy Institute, 20 March 2008).