Soldiers must obey orders without question.
Must you go so soon? Yes, I must.
As he had broken my watch he agreed that he must pay the cost of the repairs.
On the other side of the wood there was a field that he must (= had to) cross.
Candidates must (= are required to) answer at least five out of the ten questions.
О must not см. §109 к.
§ 114г.
Отсутствие обязанности или необходимости можно выразить посредством need not (need hardly, need scarcely) и конструкций с существительным need и прилагательным needless.Must you go so soon? No, I need not go yet.
Не didn’t need to be reminded about it. (= It wasn’t necessary to remind him about it.)
I need hardly tell you… (= It is hardly necessary for me to tell you…)
You needn’t have hurried. (There was no need (no necessity) for you to hurry – although, in fact, you did hurry.)
I didn’t need to hurry. (It was not necessary for me to hurry – and, in fact, I did not hurry.)
Need we tell him about it? (Is there any need for us to tell him? Are we obliged to tell him? Is it necessary for us to tell him?)
There is no need for you to hurry.
Needless (It is needless) to say, we shall refund any expenses you may incur.
О различном употреблении глагола need см. § 8.
§ 114д.
Для выражения обязанности и необходимости часто употребляется have to. В утвердительной и вопросительной формах настоящего времени этот глагол имеет то же значение, что глагол must. Отсутствие обязанности иногда выражается отрицательными формами have not to или do not have to, но чаще при помощи need not.Глагол have to часто употребляется в прошедшем и будущем времени, так как недостаточный глагол must не имеет форм прошедшего и будущего времени. В разговорной речи вместо have to и has to употребляется have got to и has got to. Иногда и вместо had to можно встретить had got to.
Об образовании вопросительной и отрицательной форм have с вспомогательным глаголом do см. § 4е.
At what time have you (got) to be there? (At what time must you be there? At what time is it necessary for you to be there?)
She had to be in the office by nine o’clock. (She was required to be there, it was necessary for her to be there by nine o’clock.)
We shall have to hurry. (”It will be necessary for us to hurry.)
We had to hurry. (It was necessary for us, we were obliged, or compelled, to hurry.)
We’ve got to be there (we must be there) by ten o’clock.
Have we (got) to (must we) answer all the questions?