Министерство правды. Как роман «1984» стал культурным кодом поколений

³¹ “In the past every tyranny” – Orwell, Review of Russia Under Soviet Rule by N. de Basily, New English Weekly, January 12, 1939, CW XI, 524, p. 317.

³² “distorted the meaning of epithets” – Crossman (ed.), p. 261.

³³ “Dickens is one of those writers” – “Charles Dickens”, CW XII, 597, p. 47.

³⁴ “probably had more to do” – Hansard, HC Deb July 21, 1960, vol. 627, col. 770.

³⁵ “no slander is too gross” – A. L. Morton, The English Utopia (Lawrence & Wishart, Ltd., 1952), p. 212.

³⁶ “realisation of Utopia” – Ibid., p. 213.

³⁷ “shrieking into the arms” – Marxist Quarterly, January 1956, reprinted in Meyers (ed.), p. 290.

³⁸ “Marxist English, or Pamphletese” – Orwell, “As I Please”, Tribune, March 17, 1944, CW XVI, 2435, p. 124.

³⁹ “a Freudian sublimation– Deutscher in Williams (ed.), p. 130.

⁴⁰ “1984 is in effect” – Ibid., pp. 131–32.

⁴¹ “perhaps more than any other nation” – Golo Mann in Meyers (ed.), p. 277.

⁴² “Because it is both difficult” – Czeslaw Milosz, The Captive Mind (Penguin Classics, 2001), p. 42.

⁴³ “the most hated writer” – John Rodden, Scenes from an Afterlife: The Legacy of George Orwell (ISI Books, 2003), p. 71.

⁴⁴ “make allowances” – Life, March 29, 1943.

⁴⁵ “the secret Ministry of Cold War” – Frances Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper?: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War (Granta, 2000), p. 59.

⁴⁶ “Indifference to objective truth” – Orwell, “Notes on Nationalism”, CW XVII, 2668, p. 148.

⁴⁷ “a word that can be uttered” – Orwell, CW IX, p. 321.

⁴⁸ “Friends, freedom has seized the offensive!” – Peter Coleman, The Liberal Conspiracy: The Congress for Cultural Freedom and the Struggle for the Mind of Postwar Europe (Free Press, 1989), p. 32.

⁴⁹ “the Noncommunist left” – Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr, The Vital Center: The Politics of Freedom (Da Capo, 1998), p. 148.

⁵⁰ “George Orwell, with his vigorous good sense” – Ibid., p. 147.

⁵¹ “Western man” – Schlesinger, p. 1.

⁵² Tribune and Partisan Review– For details see Saunders, pp. 162–63, 166.

⁵³ “that bunch of homeless Leftists” – Arthur Koestler, The Yogi and the Commissar and Other Essays (Jonathan Cape, 1945), p. 107.

⁵⁴ “I was made an unwitting ‘accomplice’ ” – Dwight Macdonald, Discriminations: Essays & Afterthoughts 1938–1974 (Grossman, 1974), p. 59.

⁵⁵ “it was rather fortunate that Orwell died” – Conor Cruise O’Brien, Listener, December 12, 1968, reprinted in Meyers (ed.), pp. 345–46.

⁵⁶ “deviate very little” and “retain the spirit” – Daniel J. Leab, Orwell Subverted: The CIA and the Filming of Animal Farm (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007), p. 85.

⁵⁷ “the mood of the book” – Ihor Szewczenko letter to Orwell, April 11, 1946, CW XVIII, 2969, p. 236.

⁵⁸ “fanatic intellectual” – Ibid., p. 79.

⁵⁹ “apparent inference” – Ibid., p. 83.

⁶⁰ “a bitter satire” – Quoted in David Sylvester, “Orwell on the Screen”, Encounter, March 1955.

⁶¹ “hit the jackpot” – Quoted in David Hencke and Rob Evans, “How Big Brothers Used Orwell to Fight the Cold War”, Guardian, June 30, 2000.

⁶² “a failure aesthetically” – Sylvester.

⁶³ “Did she approve” – Today’s Cinema, December 28, 1954.

⁶⁴ “the most devastating anti-Communist film” – Saunders, p. 459.

⁶⁵ “I think we agreed” – Ibid., p. 297.

⁶⁶ “freely adapted” etc. – 1984 (dir. Michael Anderson, 1956).

⁶⁷ “Will Ecstasy Be a Crime” – Poster for 1984.

⁶⁸ “The change seemed to me to show” and “the type of ending” – Daily Mail, February 27, 1956.

⁶⁹ “expressed his wholehearted and enthusiastic approval” – Celia Kirwan report on visit to Orwell, March 30, 1949, CW XX, 3590A, p. 319.

⁷⁰ “a list of journalists & writers” – Orwell letter to Celia Kirwan, April 6, 1949, CW XX, 3590B, p. 322.

⁷¹ “It isn’t very sensational” – Orwell letter to Celia Kirwan, May 2, 1949, CW XX, 3615, p. 103.

⁷² “The whole difficulty” – Orwell letter to Richard Rees, May 2, 1949, CW XX, 3617, p. 105.

⁷³ “very tricky” – Orwell letter to Richard Rees, April 17, 1949, CW XX, 3600, p. 88.

⁷⁴ “publicity agents of the USSR” – Orwell, “London Letter”, CW XIII, 2990, p. 291.

⁷⁵ “Members of the present British government” – Orwell’s Statement on Nineteen Eighty-Four, CW XX, 3636, p. 135.

⁷⁶ “I have been obliged at times” – Randall Swingler, “The Right to Free Expression”, annotated by Orwell, Polemic, no. 5, September – October 1946, CW XVIII, 3090, p. 442.

⁷⁷ “some kind of Russian agent” – Lost Orwell, pp. 147–48.

⁷⁸ “calamitous” – Orwell, “Burnham’s View of the Contemporary World Struggle”, CW XIX, 3204, p. 103.

⁷⁹ “vaguely disquieting” – Orwell letter to George Woodcock, March 23, 1948, CW XIX, 3369, p. 301.

⁸⁰ “advanced communist views” and “he does not hold with the Communist Party” – Stephen Bates, “Odd Clothes and Unorthodox Views: Why MI5 Spied on Orwell for a Decade”, Guardian, September 4, 2007.

⁸¹ “I always knew he was two-faced” – Ros Wynne-Jones, “Orwell’s Little List Leaves the Left Gasping for More”, Independent on Sunday, July 14, 1996.