Отрицание смерти

2. Ср., например, A. L. Cochrane, “Elie Metschnikoff and His Theory of an ‘Instinct de la Mort” International Journal of Psychoanalysis 1.934, 15:265–270; G. Stanley Hall, “Thanatophobia and Immortality,” American Journal of Psychology, 1915, 26:550–613.

3. N. S. Shaler, The Individual: A Study of Life and Death (New York: Appleton, 1900).

4. Hall, “Thanatophobia,” p. 562.

5. Ср. Alan Harrington, The Immortalist (New York: Random House, 1969), p. 82.

6. См. замечательное исследование Jacques Choron, Death and Western Thought (New York: Collier Books, 1963).

7. См. H. Feifel, ed., The Meaning of Death (New York: McGraw- Hill, 1959), Chapter 6; G. Rochlin, Griefs and Discontents (Boston: Little, Brown, 1967), p. 67.

8. J. Bowlby, Maternal Care and Mental Health (Geneva: World Health Organization, 1952), p. 11.

9. Ср. Waller Tietz, “School Phobia and the Fear of Death,” Mental Hygiene, 1970, 54:565–568.

10. J. C. Rheingold, The Mother, Anxiety and Death: The Catastrophic Death Complex (Boston: Little, Brown, 1967).

11. A. J. Levin, “The Fiction of the Death Instinct,” Psychiatric Quarterly, 1951, 25:257–281.

12. J. C. Moloney, The Magic Cloak: A Contribution to the Psychology of Authoritarianism (Wakefield, Mass.: Montrose Press, 1949), p. 217; H. Marcuse, “The Ideology of Death,” in Feifel, Meaning of Death, Chapter 5.

13. LAD, p. 270.

14. G. Murphy, “Discussion,” in Feifel, The Meaning of Death, p. 320.

15. James, Varieties, p. 121.

16. Choron, Death, p. 17.

17. Ibid., p. 272.

18. G. Zilboorg “Fear of Death,” Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 1943, 12: 465–475. См. прекрасное техническое различие, данное Эйслером между страхом смерти и ужасом перед ней в его сборнике эссе, снабженное многогранным обсуждением: K. R. Eissler, The Psychiatrist and the Dying Patient. (New York: International Universities Press, 1955), p. 277.

19. Zilboorg “Fear of Death,” pp. 465–467.

20. James, Varieties, p. 121.

21. Zilboorg, “Fear of Death,” p. 467, Или, вслед за Эйслером, мы можем более точно выразить «страх уничтожения», который эго расширяет до осознания смерти. См. The Psychiatrist and the Dying Patient, p. 267.

22. Ibid.

23. Ibid., p. 468–471.

24. Ср. Shaler, The Individual.

25. C. W. Wahl, “The Fear of Death,” in Feifel, pp. 24–25.

26. Ср. Moloney, The Magic Cloak, p. 117.

27. Wahl, “Fear of Death,” p. 25–26.

28. In Choron, Death, p. 100.

29. Ср, например, I. E. Alexander et al., “Is Death a Matter of Indifference?” Journal of Psychology, 1957, 43:277–283; I. M. Greenberg and I. E. Alexander, “Some Correlates of Thoughts and Feelings Concerning Death,” Hillside Hospital Journal, 1962, No. 2:120–126; S. I. Golding et al, “Anxiety and Two Cognitive Forms of Resistance to the Idea of Death,” Psychological Reports, 1966, 18:359–364.

30. L. J. Saul, “Inner Sustainment,” Psycholoanalytic Quarterly, 1970, 39:215–222.

31. Wahl, “Fear of Death,” p. 26.

Глава 3

1. Erich Fromm, The Heart of Man: Its Genius for Good and Evil (New York: Harper and Row, 1964), pp. 116–117.

2. Erich Fromm, The Sane Society (New York: Fawcett Books, 1955), p. 34.

3. LAD.

4. Ср. Lord Raglan, Jocasta’s Crime: An Anthropological Study (London: Methuen, 1933), Chapter 17.

5. LAD, p. 186.

6. Ibid., p. 189.

7. Ibid., pp. 186–187.

8. E. Straus, On Obsession, A Clinical and Methodological Study (New York: Nervous and Mental Disease Monographs, 1948), No. 73.

9. Ibid., pp. 41, 44.

10. Freud, Civilization and its Discontents, 1930 (London: The Hogarth Press, 1969 edition), p. 43.

11. LAD, p. 118

12. Ibid., p. 120.

13. Sandor Ferenczi, Find Contributions to the Problems and Methods of Psycho-analysis (London: The Hogarth Press, 1955), p. 68.

14. PS, p. 38.

15. LAD, p. 124.

16. Ibid., p. 123.

17. Ibid.

18. Ibid., p. 128.

19. Ibid., p. 127.

20. ME.

21. Freud, A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis (New York: Garden City Publishing Co., 1943), p. 324.

22. Geza Roheim, Psychoanalysis and Anthropology (New York: International Universities Press, 1950), pp. 138–139.

23. Ferenczi, Final Contributions, pp. 65–66.

24. Ролло Мэй недавно возродил ранкианскую точку зрения на это; см. его превосходное обсуждение “Любви и смерти” в Love and Will (New York: Norton, 1971).

25. ME, p. 52.

26. Ibid., p. 53.

27. LAD, pp. 127–128.

Глава 4

1. Ortega, The Revolt of the Masses (New York: Norton, 1957), pp. 156–157.

2. E. Becker, The Structure of Evil: An Essay on the Unification of the Science of Man (New York: Braziller, 1968), p. 192.

3. См. две его хороших статьи, “The Need to Know and the Fear of Know ing” Journal of General Psychology, 1963, 68:111–125; и “Neurosis as a Failure of Personal Growth,” Humanitas, 1967, 3:153–169.

4. Maslow, “Neurosis as a Failure,” p. 163.

5. Ibid., pp. 165–166.

6. Rudolf Otto, The Idea of the Holy, 1923 (New York: Galaxy Books, 1958).

7. Maslow, “The Need to Know,” p. 119.

8. Ibid., pp. 118–119.

9. Ср. Freud, The Future of an Illusion, 1927 (New York: Anchor Books Edition, 1964), Chapters 3 и 4.

10. Freud, The Problem of Anxiety, 1926 (New York: Norton, 1936), p. 67.