33. Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1977), p. 9–13. См. также Adam Watson, The Evolution of International Society (London: Routledge, 1992), и Barry Buzan, «From International System to International Society: Structural Realism and Regime Theory Meet the English School», International Organization, 47 (Summer 1993), 327–352. Они проводят различие между «цивилизационной» и «функциональной» моделями международного сообщества и делают вывод, что «цивилизационные международные сообщества превалируют в исторических записях» и что «по-видимому, не бывает чистых случаев функциональных международных сообществ». (p. 336).34. O. Spengler, Decline of the West
, I, 93–94.35. A. J. Toynbee, Study of History
, I, 149ff, 154, 157ff.36. F. Braudel, On History
, p. xxxiii.Глава 3
1. V. S. Naipaul, «Our Universal Civilization», The 1990 Wriston Lecture, The Manhattan Institute, New York Review of Books
, 30 October 1990, p. 20.2. См. James Q. Wilson, The Moral Sense
(New York: Free Press, 1993); Michael Walzer, Thick and Thin: Moral Argument at Home and Abroad (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1994), особенно гл. 1 и 4; и для краткого обзора, см. Frances V. Harbour, «Basic Moral Values: A Shared Core», Ethics and International Affairs, 9 (1995), 155–170.3. Vaclav Havel, «Civilization’s Thin Veneer», Harvard Magazine
, 97 (July-August 1995), 32.4. Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1977), p. 317.5. John Rockwell, «The New Colossus: American Culture as Power Export», и ряд авторов, «Channel-Surfing Through U.S. Culture in 20 Lands», New York Times
, 30 January 1994, sec. 2, p. Iff; David Rieff, «A Global Culture», World Policy Journal, 10 (Winter 1993–1994), 73–81.6. Michael Vlahos, «Culture and Foreign Policy», Foreign Policy
, 82 (Spring 1991), 69; Kishore Mahbubani, «The Dangers of Decadence: What the Rest Can Teach the West», Foreign Affairs, 72 (Sept./Oct. 1993), 12.7. Aaron L. Friedberg, «The Future of American Power», Political Science Quarterly
, 109 (Spring 1994), 15.8. Richard Parker, «The Myth of Global News», New Perspectives Quarterly
, 11 (Winter 1994), 41–44; Michael Gurevitch, Mark R. Levy, and Itzhak Roeh, «The Global Newsroom: convergences and diversities in the globalization of television news», в Peter Dahlgren and Colin Sparks, eds., Communication and Citizenship: Journalism and the Public Sphere in the New Media (London: Routledge, 1991), p. 215.9. Ronald Dore, «Unity and Diversity in World Culture», в Hedley Bull and Adam Watson, eds., The Expansion of International Society
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), p. 423.10. Robert L. Bartley, «The Case for Optimism – The West Should Believe in Itself», Foreign Affairs
, 72 (Sept./Oct. 1993), 16.11. См. Joshua A. Fishman, «The Spread of English as a New Perspective for the Study of Language Maintenance and Language Shift», in Joshua A. Fishman, Robert L. Cooper, and Andrew W. Conrad, The Spread of English: The Sociology of English as an Additional Language
(Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 1977), p. 108ff.12. J. A. Fishman, «Spread of English as a New Perspective», p. 118–119.
13. Randolf Quirk, в Braj B. Kachru, The Indianization of English
(Delhi: Oxford, 1983), p. ii; R. S. Gupta and Kapil Kapoor, eds., English in India – Issues and Problems (Delhi: Academic Foundation, 1991), p. 21. Сравни Sarvepalli Gopal, «The English Language in India», Encounter, 73 (July/Aug. 1989), 16, который оценивает, что 35 млн индийцев «говорят и пишут на каком-либо варианте английского языка». World Bank, World Development Report 1985, 1991 (New York: Oxford University Press), table 1.14. K. Kapoor and R. S. Gupta, «Introduction», в R. S. Gupta and K. Kapoor, eds., English in India
, p. 21; S. Gopal, «English Language», p. 16.15. J. A. Fishman, «Spread of English as a New Perspective», p. 115.
16. См. Newsweek
, 19 July 1993, p. 22.17. Цит. по R. N. Srivastava and V. P. Sharma, «Indian English Today», в R. S. Gupta and K. Kapoor, eds., English in India
, p. 191; S. Gopal, «English Language», p. 17.18. New York Times
, 16 July 1993, p. A9; Boston Globe, 15 July 1993, p. 13.