Summerfolk

52. See V. N. Arseev, N. S. Lepeshkin, and A. S. Livshits, “Mamontovka,” Istoriia sel i dereven’ podmoskov’ia XIV-XX vv., vol. 3 (Moscow, 1993), 119.

53. Poiuianskii, Dachi, 6.

54. Amburger, Ingermanland, 569–70.

55. Moskovskaia guberniia po mestnomu obsledovaniiu, 1898–1900 gg., vol. 1 (1903), x.

56. See Bater, St. Petersburg, 156–57.

57. I. Kushchevskii, “Drabanty,” in his Malen’kie rasskazy (St. Petersburg, 1875).

58. K. E. Kil’shtet, Vospominaniia starogo Petrogradtsa (Petrograd, 1916), 23–24.

59. Znakomyi, Dachi, 9–15. For more on Petersburg places of entertainment, see Arlekin na dache: Letnii iumoristicheskii kalendar’ (St. Petersburg, 1888), and (also on the 18805) A. Pleshcheev, Pod sen’iu kulis (Paris, 1936), 113–20.

60. Peterburgskie dachnye mestnosti v otnoshenii ikh zdorovosti.

61. P. K. Mart’ianov, “Nasha dachnaia idilliia,” in Lopari i samoedy stolichnykh nashikh tundr (St. Petersburg, 1891).

62. Mikhnevich, Peterburgskoe leto, 74.

63. See M. Kshesinskaia, Vospominaniia (Smolensk, 1998), 14.

64. See, e.g., “Potoikuemte, chitatel’,” PL, 27 Apr. 1880, 1.

65. “Iz dachnykh mest,” PL, 22 May 1880, 3, and 29 June 1880, 3.

66. “Iz dachnykh mest,” PL, 19 July 1880, 3. A gloomy assessment of the health risks of dacha areas (including industrial pollution) is Peterburgskie dachnye mestnosti v otnoshenii ikh zdorovosti.

67. See S. M. Liubetskii, Moskovskie okrestnosti, blizhnie i dal’nie, za vsemi zastavami, v istoricheskom otnoshenii i v sovremennom ikh vide, dlia vybora dach i gulian’ia (Moscow, 1877), 17–18.

68. For examples of contemporary journalism, see “Gorodskaia khronika,” Razvlechenie, no. 25 (1860); “Moskovskii nabliudatel’,” Razvlechenie, no. 23 (1866); N. Skavronskii, “Nashi dachi,” Razvlechenie, no. 28 (1866). Overviews of prerevolutionary dacha settlements around Moscow can be found in Vsia Moskva na ladoni (Moscow, 1875); Liubetskii, Moskovskie okrestnosti; Vseobshchii putevoditel’ i spravochnik po Moskve i okrestnostiam, 4th ed. (Moscow, 1911).

69· Perepis’ Moskvy 1902goda, pt. 1 (Moscow, 1904). St. Petersburg’s “suburbs” had been included in census figures somewhat earlier, in 1881.

70. RGIA, f. 1152, op. 13, d. 108.

71. Ibid., d. 298, I. 2.

72. This had been a problem earlier when appanage lands had been leased: see TsGIA SPb, f. 1205, op. 12, d. 1401.

73. RGIA, f. 1152, op. 13, dd. 108 and 298, I. 5.

74. S.A. Simkina, “Dachi moderna na severnom poberezh’e Finskogo zaliva,” in Pamiatniki istorii i kul’tury Sankt-Peterburga: Issledovaniia i materialy, vol. 4, ed. A. V. Kornilova (St. Petersburg, 1997), 341–42.

75. TsGIA SPb, f. 387, op. 11, d. 53368, I. 5. Contemporary reports suggest that local peasants resented the construction of dachas on land they considered should be theirs for pasture: see Dachnik, 20 May 1909, 2.

76. Putevoditel’ po dachnym okrestnostiam g. S.-Peterburga na 1903 god (St. Petersburg, 1903), 41; G. Moskvich, Prakticheskii putevoditel’ po S.-Peterburgu i ego okrestnostiam (Odessa, 1903), 285–88; O. Keller, St. Petersburg and Its Environs, Finland, Moscow, Kiev, Odessa (London, 1914), 98–99.

77. A.M. Anfimov, Krupnoe pomeshchich’e khoziaistvo evropeiskoi Rossii (Konets XIX–nachalo XX veka) (Moscow, 1969), 275.

78. RGIA, f. 23, op. 12, d. 1722. Stenbok-Fermor retained his palace and surrounding land of sixty-one desiatinas.

79. Ibid., op. 28, d. 1194, I. 7. The basic capital was 60,000 shares at 100 rubles each, released in two issues.

80. Ibid., op. 12, d. 1722, I. 5.

81. A further indication of winterization is the appearance of advice issued to “dachniki” on kitchen gardening (ogorodnichestvo); see M. R-ov, “Dachnye ogorody,” Dachnyi vestnik, no. 1 (1899), 7–8.

82. TsGIA SPb, f. 722, op. 1, d. 5.

83. See Putevoditel’ po S.-Peterburgu (1895), 122–25.