The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939

Mussolini, Benito, funds Falange, symbolism, trains Carlists, invades Abyssinia, assistance to nationalists, frustration with Italian king, international responses to, uses phrase ‘Rome–Berlin axis’, compared with Franco, appetite for military glory, and Guadalajara defeat, and Basque victory, response to international protests, reinforces nationalist navy, and bombing raids, relations with Franco, ambitions in Albania, predicts Franco’s defeat, and France, fears European war, orders captured Italians executed, and Second World War, fall of

Mussolini, Bruno

MVR (Militias of Rearguard Vigilance)

Nabarra (trawler)

Nanetti, Nino

Naples

Narváez, General, Duke of Valencia 1800–1868)

Nathan, Major George

National Block

National Council of Defence

National Republican Guard

nationalist air force, see Brigada Aérea Hispana

nationalist army, leadership, training, strength

NATIONALIST ARMY FORMATIONS

Army of Manoeuvr

Army of the South

Army Corps of Aragón

Army Corps of Castille

Army Corps of Galicia

Army Corps of Maestrazgo

Army Corps of Morocco

Army Corps of Navarre

Army Corps of Turía

Army Corps of Urgel

1st Cavalry Division

5th Navarrese Division

10th Division

13th Division

50th Division

51st Division

52nd Division

81st Division

105th Division

108th Division

150th Division

Navarre Division

Soria Division

1st Navarre Brigade

4th Navarre Brigade

5th Navarre Brigade

San Quentin Infantry Regiment

see also Army of Africa

nationalist navy see Almirante Cervera; Baleares; Canarias; España; Mola; Navarra; Sanjurjo; Taranto; Velasco

nationalist spy networks

nationalists: military strength politics, zone of control, strengthened morale terror tactics, receive international support, leadership, and international opinion, power struggle and formation of JONS, air superiority, increased military superiority, tensions in alliance

Navalcarnero

Navalmoral de la Mata

Navarra (nationalist cruiser)

Navarre support for Carlists, nationalists hold, political killings

Navarro, Captain Enrique

Nazis, Spanish admiration for, expansionism, ‘Four Year Plan’ and Catalonia, motives for campaign in Spain

Nazism, compared with Falangism

Negrín López, Juan, finance minister, and shipment of gold reserves, commands carabineros, government of, and republican power struggle, policy of ‘controlled democracy’, and assassination of Nin, war policy, addresses League of Nations, visits Paris, refuses Prieto’s resignation, character, resists joining Communist Party, and SIM, sells silver reserves, rebuffed by Stalin, end of friendship with Prieto, supports Prieto, government reformed, Thirteen Points, failed peace overtures, and battle of Ebro, asserts authority, centralism, new government, surrender negotiations, bids farewell to International Brigades, plans for National Front, and fall of Catalonia, crosses into France, return to Spain and continuation of war, coup against, leaves Spain, in exile

Nelken, Margarita

Nenni, Pietro

Neruda, Pablo

Nervión, River

Neurath, Konstantin von

New Castile

New York Daily Worker

New York Herald Tribune

New York Times

News Chronicle

Nicolson, Harold

Nieto, Major Andrés

Nikonov, Anatoly, (deputy chief GRU)

Nin, Andrés, and ‘events of May’, arrested and murdered

NKVD, supervises shipment of gold reserves, fake passports, personnel in Spain, ‘active work’, and republican power struggle, control secret police, defectors, in International, Brigades and SIM, euphemism for, reaction against, republicans serving with

Normandy invasion

North Africa

North, Joseph

Northcliffe, Lord

Noticiero

Núñez, Carlos

Nuñez de Prado, General Miguel

Nuño, Amor

nuns, disinterred, rumours about, killed, alleged rapes, as prison warders,

Nuvolini, General

Nyon, conference

O’Brien, Aileen

Observer

Ocañ

Ochandiano

October revolution (1934)

Odessa

O’Duffy, General Eoin

oil synthetic

Old Castile

OMSBON, (NKVD Moscow detachment)

Operation Romerales

Orán

Organización Sindical

Orgaz, General, in command in Morocco, commands central front

Orlov, Aleksander

Ortega, Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio

Ortega, Daniel

Ortega, Major Leopoldo

Ortega y Gasset, José

Orwell, George

Homage to Catalonia, coins term ‘double-speak’, describes ‘events of May’, wounded, speaks out

Oviedo military rising, siege of, carpet bombing around, salient

OVRA, (Opera Volontaria di Repressione Antifascista) Italian secret police

Pacelli, Cardinal Eugenio (later Pope Pius

Pajares

Palacios, Major

Palancar, Pablo

Palencia

Palma de Mallorca

Pàmies, Teresa

Pamplona, provides Mola’s base, military rising, political killings, monarchist flag lowered, under Franco

Pamplona, Bishop of

Pando, Major

Paracuellos del Jarama

Paris, Italian Embassy, Spanish gold reserves shipped to, and formation of International Brigades, International Exhibition of Arts, International Writers’ Congress for the Defence of Culture, Negrín visits, Spanish embassy, republican leaders in, recognition of Franco regime