The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

236. Ibid., ‘Jägerstab [Fighter Staff] Besprechung beim Herrn Reichsmarschall’, 2 July 1944; ‘Besprechung beim Herrn Reichsmarschall’, 14 July 1944.

237. TNA, PREM 3/18/2, Churchill to Sinclair and Herbert Morrison, 8 June 1943; Sinclair to Churchill, 10 June 1943, enclosing ‘Notes on the Protection of Dams and Reservoirs in the United Kingdom’.

238. FDRL, Map Room files, Box 49, message for US Navy Intelligence from Stockholm, 6 Oct 1944; telegram from US military attaché, Madrid, 6 Sept 1944.

239. Ibid., PREM 3/18/2, Portal to Churchill, 22 Mar 1945; War Cabinet paper, ‘Protection of London against Low-Flying Attacks’, 29 Mar 1945; Hollis to Churchill, 5 Apr 1945, enclosing CoS memorandum, ‘Likelihood and Possible Form of a Last Desperate Throw by the German Naval and Air Forces’.

240. Geoffrey Brooks, Hitler’s Nuclear Weapons (London: 1992), 112, 122–4, 128–30; see too Rainer Karlsch, Hitlers Bombe: Die geheime Geschichte der deutschen Kernwaffenversuche (Munich: 2005), 189–92, for plans to create a long-range missile for use against Allied cities, and 228–237, for the argument that an atomic test took place in Germany in March 1945. On the failure of the German atomic research programme see Rolf-Dieter Müller, ‘Albert Speer und die Rüstungspolitik 1942–1945’, in Bernhard Kroener, Rolf-Dieter Müller, Hans Umbreit, DRZW: Band 5/2: Organisation und Mobilisierung des Deutschen Machtbereichs, 1942–1944/45 (Stuttgart: 1999), 738–43.

241. Louis Lochner, The Goebbels Diaries (London: 1948), 139, entry from 27 Apr 1942.

242. NARA, RG 332 Box 115, Keitel interrogation, 22.

243. Evans, ‘Göring – beinahe Führer’, 5.

244. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, SZ/BBSU/75/1, Interrogation Detachment, US Air Headquarters, Enemy Intelligence Summary, Hermann Göring, 1 June 1945.

3. TAKING IT? BRITISH SOCIETY AND THE BLITZ

1. Bodleian Library, Oxford, Ponsonby papers, C682, J. H. A. to Ruth Fry, 16 Sept 1940.

2. TNA, ED 136/111, ‘Planning of Evacuation’, Jan 1939, 2.

3. TNA, MH 79/178, Home Office, ‘Pamphlet on Shelter from Air Attacks’, 1939, 3.

4. TNA, PREM 3/27, draft article, ‘The War in East London’, 28 Sept 1940, 1.

5. TNA, HO 186/927, Regional Commissioner, South-West region to all town clerks, 20 Dec 1940.

6. On citizen warriors see Sonya Rose, Which People’s War? National Identity and Citizenship in Wartime Britain 1939–1945 (Oxford: 2003), ch 5.

7. TNA, PREM 3/28/5, Note for the prime minister, ‘Working after the Siren’, 10 Sept 1940.

8. Foreword to Stephen Spender, Citizens in War – and After (London: 1945), 5.

9. Terence O’Brien, Civil Defence (London: 1955), chs iii, v; Bernd Lemke, Luftschutz in Grossbritannien und Deutschland 1923 bis 1939 (Munich: 2005), 342–62. See too UEA, Zuckerman Archive, OEMU/56/3, memorandum, ‘Regional Machinery, Policy, Personnel’.

10. For one example see E. Doreen Idle, War over West Ham: A Study of Community Adjustment (London: 1943), 59–63.

11. TNA, PREM 3/27, note by Edward Bridges for Churchill, ‘London Regional Commissioners’; HHC, TSCD/1, Note on Civil Defence Regions, 24 Sept 1941.

12. TNA, HO 45/19762, Order in Council, 4 Sept 1939; Cabinet paper, ‘Powers of Regional Commissioners’, 21 Mar 1939.

13. HHC, TSCD/1, City of Coventry, ‘Air Raid Precautions: Outline Scheme of Organisation’, Apr 1937; City of Manchester, memorandum, ‘Air Raid Precautions’, 21 Oct 1936; City of Leeds, ‘Local Scheme of Air Raid Precautions’, 23 Sept 1936; City of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, ‘Report of Special Committee as to Air Raid Precautions, 1 July 1937’.

14. CLSC, JN20/16/C, minutes of Hampstead Civil Defence Committee, 5 Oct 1939.

15. YCA, Acc 89/1a, ARP Emergency Committee, minutes of meetings, 10 Oct, 17 Oct, 27 Oct, 10 Nov 1939.

16. CLSC, JN20/16/C, minutes of Civil Defence Committee, 26 Sept, 25 Oct 1939.

17. Calculated from TNA, HO 186/602, Statistics on Civil Defence Personnel, Summary of all Services, 30 June 1940, 14 Nov 1940.

18. Shane Ewen, ‘Preparing the British Fire Service for War: Local Government, Nationalisation and Evolutionary Reform, 1935–41’, Contemporary British History, 20 (2006), 216–19.

19. TNA, HO 187/1156, ‘Manpower in the National Fire Service’, historical survey.

20. Henry Green, Caught (London: 1943), 16.