4. Werner Riess, ‘Rari Exempli Femina
: Female Virtues on Roman Funerary Inscriptions’, in Sharon L. James and Sheila Dillon, eds., A Companion to Women in the Ancient World (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2012), p. 493.5. Appian, Roman History
, vol. 5, ed. and trans. Brian McGing, Loeb Classical Library 543 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020), pp. 245–247.6. Tacitus, Annals
, p. 281.7. Tacitus, Annals
, p. 283.8. Описания казней у Тацита: Annals
, p. 285.9. Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars
, vol. II, trans. J.C. Rolfe, Loeb Classical Library 38 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914), p. 171.4. «От царства золота до царства железа и ражвчины»: закат и падение империи
1. Tacitus, Agricola. Germania. Dialogue on Oratory
, trans. M. Hutton and W. Peterson, revised by R.M. Ogilvie, E.H. Warmington and Michael Winterbottom, Loeb Classical Library 35 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914), p. 81.2. Pliny the Younger, Letters, Volume II: Books 8–10. Panegyricus
, p. 325.3. H.M.D. Parker, A History of the Roman World from A.D. 138 to 337
(London: Methuen, 1935), p. 20.4. Dio Cassius, Roman History
, trans. Earnest Cary, Loeb Classical Library 177 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1927), p. 69.5. Alexander Demandt, Der Fall Roms: Die Auflösung der Römischen Reiches im Urteil der Nachwelt
(Munich: C.H. Beck, 1984).6. Augustus J.C. Hare, Walks in Rome
(London: George Allen, 1893), vol. 1, p. 235.7. Tenney Frank, ‘Race Mixture in the Roman Empire’, The American Historical Review
, vol. 21 (July 1916), p. 690.8. ‘Satire 13’, l. 30, in Juvenal and Persius
, ed. and trans. Susanna Morton Braund, Loeb Classical Library 91 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004).9. См. сайт https//pharso.vassarspaces.net; интересная дискуссия на тему множества обсуждаемых вопросов: Jamie Mackay, ‘The Whitewashing of Rome’, Aeon
, 25 June 2021, available online.10. Carl-Johan Dalgaard et al., ‘Roman Roads to Prosperity: Persistence and Non-Persistence of Public Infrastructure’, in Journal of Comparative Economics
, vol. 50 (December 2022), pp. 896–916.5. Готы, лангобарды, франки, сарацины и норманны: Италия под «варварами»
1. См. Peter Heather, The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006); и Bryan Ward-Perkins, The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).2. Цитируется по Jonathan J. Arnold, Theoderic and the Roman Imperial Restoration
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014), p. 1.3. Между первым и пятым веками население Европы могло сократиться с 33 до 18 миллионов человек: Alexander B. Murphy et al., The European Culture Area: A Systematic Geography
(Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009), p. 72. О депопуляции Рима см. Gino Luzzatto, An Economic History of Italy from the Fall of the Roman Empire to the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century, trans. Philip Jones (London: Routledge, 1961), p. 48.4. Оценки сильно разнятся, один ученый даже приводит цифру 300 000: Gabriella Piccinni, I Mille Anni del Medioevo
(Milano: Mondadori), p. 44.5. Ferdinand Gregorovius, History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages
, trans. Annie Hamilton, vol. 2 (London: George Bell, 1894), p. 17.6. Цитируется по Francesco Cognasso, ‘Carlomagno, Re dei Franchi e dei Longobardi, Imperatore Romano’, Enciclopedia Italiana
(1931), online edition; my translation.7. David J. Hay, The Military Leadership of Matilda of Canossa (
Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2008), p. 40.